Chronic adherence to a ketogenic diet modifies iron metabolism in elite athletes
Journal article
McKay, Alannah K.A., Peeling, Peter, Pyne, David B., Welvaert, Marijke, Tee, Nicolin, Leckey, Jill J., Sharma, Avish P., Ross, Megan L. R., Garvican-Lewis, Laura, Swinkels, Dorine W., Laarakkers, Coby M. and Burke, Louise M.. (2019). Chronic adherence to a ketogenic diet modifies iron metabolism in elite athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 51(3), pp. 548 - 555. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001816
Authors | McKay, Alannah K.A., Peeling, Peter, Pyne, David B., Welvaert, Marijke, Tee, Nicolin, Leckey, Jill J., Sharma, Avish P., Ross, Megan L. R., Garvican-Lewis, Laura, Swinkels, Dorine W., Laarakkers, Coby M. and Burke, Louise M. |
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Abstract | Purpose The short-term restriction of carbohydrate (CHO) can potentially influence iron regulation via modification of postexercise interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepcidin levels. This study examined the effect of a chronic ketogenic low-CHO high-fat (LCHF) diet on iron status and iron-regulatory markers in elite athletes. Methods International-level race walkers (n = 50) were allocated to one of three dietary interventions: (i) a high-CHO diet (n = 16), (ii) a periodized CHO availability (n = 17), or (iii) an LCHF diet (n = 17) while completing a periodized training program for 3 wk. A 19- to 25-km race walking test protocol was completed at baseline and after adaptation, and changes in serum ferritin, IL-6, and hepcidin concentrations were measured. Results from high-CHO and periodized CHO were combined into one group (CHO; n = 33) for analysis. Results The decrease in serum ferritin across the intervention period was substantially greater in the CHO group (37%) compared with the LCHF (23%) group (P = 0.021). After dietary intervention, the postexercise increase in IL-6 was greater in LCHF (13.6-fold increase; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.1–21.4) than athletes adhering to a CHO-rich diet (7.6-fold increase; 95% CI = 5.5–10.2; P = 0.033). Although no significant differences occurred between diets, CI values indicate that 3 h postexercise hepcidin concentrations were lower after dietary intervention compared with baseline in CHO (β = −4.3; 95% CI = −6.6 to −2.0), with no differences evident in LCHF. Conclusion Athletes who adhered to a CHO-rich diet experienced favorable changes to the postexercise IL-6 and hepcidin response, relative to the LCHF group. Lower serum ferritin after 3 wk of additional dietary CHO might reflect a larger more adaptive hematological response to training. |
Keywords | hepcidin; inflammation; lchf; carbohydrate; race walkers |
Year | 2019 |
Journal | Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise |
Journal citation | 51 (3), pp. 548 - 555 |
Publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
ISSN | 0195-9131 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001816 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-85059510736 |
Open access | Published as green open access |
Page range | 548 - 555 |
Research Group | Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research |
Author's accepted manuscript | License File Access Level Open |
Publisher's version | License All rights reserved File Access Level Controlled |
Place of publication | United States of America |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8606q/chronic-adherence-to-a-ketogenic-diet-modifies-iron-metabolism-in-elite-athletes
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AM_McKay_2019_Chronic_adherence_to_a_ketogenic_diet.pdf | |
License: CC BY-NC 4.0 | |
File access level: Open |
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