Inflation transmission diagnostics via a Bayesian Graph Vector Autoregressive Model with Markov Switching

The transmission of inflation is a widespread occurrence, and managing inflationary pressures is a crucial macroeconomic challenge. Although inflation is a typical macroeconomic variable, its contemporaneous and lagged causal relationships have not been thoroughly investigated, which could result in missing important policy insights. The Bayesian graph vector autoregression (BGVAR) model can identify contemporaneous and lagged causal relationships among economic variables, but it lacks practical research on inflationary inflation. To account for the structural transformation in the inflation transmission process, the authors propose a Bayesian graph vector autoregressive model with Markov switching (MS-BGVAR), which considers both regime switching and contemporaneous causality among macroeconomic variables. The proposed study focuses on analyzing the dynamics of inflation transmission relationships among G7 countries under different regimes, as these countries represent developed nations. The authors use inflation data from 1971–2019, which shows two distinct inflation regimes within the sample period. The authors conduct simulation experiments to generate moderately dimensional simulated data for both regimes and indicators, demonstrating the theoretical reliability of the proposed model in accurately identifying graph structures. Finally, the authors apply the proposed model to identify structural breaks and causal transmission relationships in the inflation transmission process of G7 economies, demonstrating that the proposed model has significant economic significance and good explanatory power in the selected target countries.