Capabilities for the paramedic preceptor role : A scoping review

Paramedic preceptors play a critical role in supporting a learner's transition to practice. However, many paramedics have received limited training or education on how to be a preceptor. Providing access to a targeted preceptor education programme may further enhance paramedics’ capacity in this role. To help inform preceptor education, this research answers the question ‘What capabilities are required for the paramedic preceptor role?’ Capabilities are a combination of knowledge, skills and attributes used to work effectively and take appropriate action in various and novel settings. MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Manual searches of Google Scholar, Trove and relevant paramedic-specific journals were also undertaken. Eligible for inclusion were peer-reviewed publications and grey literature from 2004 onwards written in English which discuss paramedic preceptor capabilities. Thirty-six articles were included in the review utilising this search strategy. Four overarching capabilities were identified for the paramedic preceptor role. First, the learning and teaching capability included having knowledge of feedback, assessment, adult learning theory and how to guide critical thinking and be a coach. Second, the interpersonal capability included having the skills to build positive relationships, act as a counsellor, provide psychological safety, communicate effectively and support socialisation. Third, the professional capability comprised of preceptors being clinically competent and critical thinkers. Finally, the personal capability included having the attributes of a role model and possessing an intrinsic desire to be a preceptor. Paramedics require opportunities to develop the knowledge, skills and attributes identified in this review to be capable preceptors. These findings can also inform the design of a paramedic preceptor education programme.

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