The normality of error
Journal article
Carter, Sam and Goldstein, Simon. (2021). The normality of error. Philosophical Studies. 178, pp. 2509-2533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-020-01560-6
Authors | Carter, Sam and Goldstein, Simon |
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Abstract | Formal models of appearance and reality have proved fruitful for investigating structural properties of perceptual knowledge. This paper applies the same approach to epistemic justification. Our central goal is to give a simple account of The Preface, in which justified belief fails to agglomerate. Following recent work by a number of authors, we understand knowledge in terms of normality. An agent knows p iff p is true throughout all relevant normal worlds. To model The Preface, we appeal to the normality of error. Sometimes, it is more normal for reality and appearance to diverge than to match. We show that this simple idea has dramatic consequences for the theory of knowledge and justification. Among other things, we argue that a proper treatment of The Preface requires a departure from the internalist idea that epistemic justification supervenes on the appearances and the widespread idea that one knows most when free from error. |
Keywords | normality; preface; justification; knowledge first; agglomeration; appearance and reality |
Year | 2021 |
Journal | Philosophical Studies |
Journal citation | 178, pp. 2509-2533 |
Publisher | Springer |
ISSN | 0031-8116 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-020-01560-6 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-85099373066 |
Open access | Published as green open access |
Page range | 2509-2533 |
Author's accepted manuscript | License All rights reserved File Access Level Open |
Publisher's version | License All rights reserved File Access Level Controlled |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 12 Jan 2021 |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 22 Sep 2020 |
Deposited | 05 Aug 2021 |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8w745/the-normality-of-error
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AM_Goldstein_2021_The_normality_of_error.pdf | |
License: All rights reserved | |
File access level: Open |
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