Effectiveness of dietary interventions in mental health treatment : A rapid review of reviews

Journal article

Burrows, Tracy, Teasdale, Scott, Rocks, Tetyana, Whatnall, Megan, Schindlmayr, Julia, Plain, Janice, Latimer, Georgina, Roberton, Michelle, Harris, Deanne and Forsyth, Adrienne. (2022). Effectiveness of dietary interventions in mental health treatment : A rapid review of reviews. Nutrition and Dietetics. 79(3), pp. 279-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12754
AuthorsBurrows, Tracy, Teasdale, Scott, Rocks, Tetyana, Whatnall, Megan, Schindlmayr, Julia, Plain, Janice, Latimer, Georgina, Roberton, Michelle, Harris, Deanne and Forsyth, Adrienne
Abstract

Aim
This rapid review of reviews aimed to determine the extent of research undertaken on the effectiveness of dietary interventions for individuals with a mental disorder.

Methods
Three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Reviews and Cochrane Trials) were searched to February 2021 for systematic reviews including experimental studies assessing the effectiveness of dietary interventions with physical or mental health related outcomes in adults or children with one or more of: severe mental illness, depression or anxiety, eating disorders, or substance use disorder. Results are presented descriptively.

Results
The number of included reviews was 46 (67% in severe mental illness, 20% in depression and anxiety, 7% in eating disorders, and 7% in substance use disorders). Most reviews were published since 2016 (59%), and included studies conducted in adults (63%). Interventions in the eating disorders and severe mental illness reviews were predominantly education and behaviour change, whereas interventions in the substance use disorders, and depression and anxiety reviews were predominantly supplementation (e.g. omega-3). Twenty-eight and twelve of the reviews respectively reported mental health and dietary outcomes for one or more included studies. Most reviews in severe mental illness, and depression and anxiety reported conclusions supporting the positive effects of dietary intervention, including positive effects on weight-related or mental health outcomes, and on mental health outcomes, respectively.

Conclusions
A larger number of systematic reviews were identified which evaluated dietary interventions in individuals with severe mental illness, and depression and anxiety, compared with substance use disorders, and eating disorders. Dietary intervention is an important component of the treatment that should be available to individuals living with mental disorders, to support their physical and mental health.

Keywordsdiet therapy; mental health; rapid review; scoping review; treatment efficacy
Year2022
JournalNutrition and Dietetics
Journal citation79 (3), pp. 279-290
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
ISSN1446-6368
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12754
PubMed ID35796181
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85133522966
PubMed Central IDPMC9545734
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Page range279-290
FunderNational Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
Dietitians Australia
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online07 Jul 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted24 May 2022
Deposited20 Sep 2023
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