Methods of monitoring internal and external loads and their relationships with physical qualities, injury, or illness in adolescent athletes : A systematic review and best-evidence synthesis

Journal article


Dudley, Charles, Johnston, Rich, Jones, Ben, Till, Kevin, Westbrook, Harrison and Weakley, Jonathon. (2023). Methods of monitoring internal and external loads and their relationships with physical qualities, injury, or illness in adolescent athletes : A systematic review and best-evidence synthesis. Sports Medicine. 53, pp. 1559-1593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01844-x
AuthorsDudley, Charles, Johnston, Rich, Jones, Ben, Till, Kevin, Westbrook, Harrison and Weakley, Jonathon
Abstract

Background
With the increasing professionalisation of youth sports, training load monitoring is increasingly common in adolescent athletes. However, the research examining the relationship between training load and changes in physical qualities, injury, or illness in adolescent athletes is yet to be synthesised in a systematic review.

Objective
The aim of this review was to systematically examine the research assessing internal and external methods of monitoring training load and physical qualities, injury, or illness in adolescent athletes.

Methods
Systematic searches of SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, CINAHL and SCOPUS were undertaken from the earliest possible records to March 2022. Search terms included synonyms relevant to adolescents, athletes, physical qualities, injury, or illness. To be eligible for inclusion, articles were required to (1) be original research articles; (2) be published in a peer-reviewed journal; (3) include participants aged between 10 and 19 years and participating in competitive sport; (4) report a statistical relationship between a measure of internal and/or external load and physical qualities, injury or illness. Articles were screened and assessed for methodological quality. A best-evidence synthesis was conducted to identify trends in the relationships reported.

Results
The electronic search yielded 4125 articles. Following screening and a review of references, 59 articles were included. The most commonly reported load monitoring tools were session ratings of perceived exertion (n = 29) and training duration (n = 22). Results of the best-evidence synthesis identified moderate evidence of positive relationships between resistance training volume load and improvement in strength, and between throw count and injury. However, evidence for other relationships between training load and change in physical qualities, injury, or illness were limited or inconsistent.

Conclusions
Practitioners should consider monitoring resistance training volume load for strength training. Additionally, where appropriate, monitoring throw counts may be useful in identifying injury risk. However, given the lack of clear relationships between singular measures of training load with physical qualities, injury, or illness, researchers should consider multivariate methods of analysing training load, as well as factors that may mediate the load–response relationship, such as maturation.

Keywordstraining load; internal load; external load; adolescent athletes; injury; monitoring; methods; systematic review
Year2023
JournalSports Medicine
Journal citation53, pp. 1559-1593
PublisherSpringer
ISSN0112-1642
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01844-x
PubMed ID37071283
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85152929329
PubMed Central IDPMC10356657
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Page range1559-1593
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online18 Apr 2023
Publication process dates
Accepted19 Mar 2023
Deposited18 Sep 2023
Permalink -

https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8zqv5/methods-of-monitoring-internal-and-external-loads-and-their-relationships-with-physical-qualities-injury-or-illness-in-adolescent-athletes-a-systematic-review-and-best-evidence-synthesis

Download files


Publisher's version
  • 97
    total views
  • 46
    total downloads
  • 10
    views this month
  • 1
    downloads this month
These values are for the period from 19th October 2020, when this repository was created.

Export as

Related outputs

The relationship between isometric and dynamic strength following resistance training : a systematic review, meta-analysis, and level of agreement
James, Lachlan P., Weakley, Jonathon, Comfort, Paul and Huynh, Minh. (2024). The relationship between isometric and dynamic strength following resistance training : a systematic review, meta-analysis, and level of agreement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 19(1), pp. 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2023-0066
The validity of raw custom-processed global navigation satellite systems data during straight-line sprinting across multiple days
Crang, Zachary, Duthie, Grant Malcolm, Cole, Michael Hugh, Weakley, Jonathon, Hewitt, Adam Jason and Johnston, Richard. (2024). The validity of raw custom-processed global navigation satellite systems data during straight-line sprinting across multiple days. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 27(3), pp. 204-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2023.12.004
Validity and reliability of thoracic-mounted inertial measurement units to derive gait characteristics during running
Horsley, Benjamin, Tofari, Paul, Halson, Shona, Kemp, Justin Guy, Chalkley, Daniel Thomas, Cole, Michael Hugh, Johnston, Richard and Cormack, Stuart John. (2024). Validity and reliability of thoracic-mounted inertial measurement units to derive gait characteristics during running. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 38(2), pp. 274-282. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004612
Instrumented Mouthguards in Elite-Level Men’s and Women’s Rugby Union : The Incidence and Propensity of Head Acceleration Events in Matches
Tooby, James, Woodward, James, Tucker, Ross, Jones, Ben, Falvey, E, Salmon, Danielle, Bussey, Melanie Dawn, Starling, Lindsay and Tierney, Gregory. (2023). Instrumented Mouthguards in Elite-Level Men’s and Women’s Rugby Union : The Incidence and Propensity of Head Acceleration Events in Matches. Sports Medicine. pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01953-7
X as a proxy for tackle safety culture? Sentiment analysis of social media posts on red-carded and yellow-carded tackles during the 2019 Rugby World Cup
Alexander, Firdows, Tucker, Ross, Jones, Ben and Hendricks, Sharief. (2023). X as a proxy for tackle safety culture? Sentiment analysis of social media posts on red-carded and yellow-carded tackles during the 2019 Rugby World Cup. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. 9(4), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001756
The speed and acceleration of the ball carrier and tackler into contact during front-on tackles in rugby league
Parmley, James, Jones, Ben, Whitehead, Sarah, Rennie, Gordon, Hendricks, Sharief, Johnston, Richard, Collins, Neil, Bennett, Thomas and Weaving, Dan. (2023). The speed and acceleration of the ball carrier and tackler into contact during front-on tackles in rugby league. Journal of Sports Sciences. 41(15), pp. 1450-1458. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2023.2273657
The Effects of Repeated-Sprint Training on Physical Fitness and Physiological Adaptation in Athletes : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Thurlow, Fraser, Huynh, Minh, Townshend, Andrew Douglas, McLaren, Shaun, James, Lachlan P., Taylor, Jonathon M., Weston, Matthew and Weakley, Jonathon. (2023). The Effects of Repeated-Sprint Training on Physical Fitness and Physiological Adaptation in Athletes : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine. pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01959-1
Longitudinal development of sprint performance and force-velocity-power characteristics : Influence of biological maturation
Edwards, Toby, Weakley, Jonathon, Banyard, Harry, Cripps, Ashley, Piggott, Benjamin, Haff, Gregory and Joyce, Christopher. (2023). Longitudinal development of sprint performance and force-velocity-power characteristics : Influence of biological maturation. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 37(11), pp. 2178-2184. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004540
Global practitioner assessment and management of mental fatigue and mental recovery in high-performance sport : A need for evidence-based best-practice guidelines
Russell, S., Johnston, R. D., Stanimirovic, R. and Halson, S. L.. (2023). Global practitioner assessment and management of mental fatigue and mental recovery in high-performance sport : A need for evidence-based best-practice guidelines. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14491
A multidimensional approach to identifying the physical qualities of male English regional academy rugby union players; considerations of position, chronological age, relative age and maturation
Owen, Cameron, Till, Kevin, Phibbs, Padraic, Read, Dale J., Weakley, Jonathon, Atkinson, Mark, Cross, Matt, Kemp, Simon, Sawczuk, Thomas, Stokes, Keith, Williams, Sean and Jones, Ben. (2023). A multidimensional approach to identifying the physical qualities of male English regional academy rugby union players; considerations of position, chronological age, relative age and maturation. European Journal of Sport Science. 23(2), pp. 178-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.2023658
Validity and reliability of methods to assess movement deficiencies following concussion : A COSMIN systematic review
Dunne, Laura A. M., Cole, Michael H., Cormack, Stuart J., Howell, David R. and Johnston, Rich D.. (2023). Validity and reliability of methods to assess movement deficiencies following concussion : A COSMIN systematic review. Sports Medicine - Open. 9(1), p. Article 76. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00625-0
The effect of feedback on resistance training performance and adaptations : A systematic review and meta-analysis
Weakley, Jonathon, Cowley, Nicholas, Schoenfeld, Brad J., Read, Dale B., Timmins, Ryan G., García-Ramos, Amador and McGuckian, Thomas B.. (2023). The effect of feedback on resistance training performance and adaptations : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine. 53, pp. 1789-1803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01877-2
The acute demands of repeated-sprint training on physiological, neuromuscular, perceptual and performance outcomes in team sport athletes : A systematic review and meta-analysis
Thurlow, Fraser, Weakley, Jonathon, Townshend, Andrew D., Timmins, Ryan G., Morrison, Matthew and McLaren, Shaun J.. (2023). The acute demands of repeated-sprint training on physiological, neuromuscular, perceptual and performance outcomes in team sport athletes : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine. 53, pp. 1609-1640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01853-w
The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep : A systematic review and meta-analysis
Gardiner, Carissa, Weakley, Jonathon, Burke, Louise M., Roach, Gregory D., Sargent, Charli, Maniar, Nirav, Townshend, Andrew and Halson, Shona L.. (2023). The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 69, p. Article 101764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101764
The pre- and post-pitch-entry physical and technical responses of rugby league interchange players according to starting status
Hills, Samuel P., Crang, Zachary L., Russell, Mark and Johnston, Rich D.. (2023). The pre- and post-pitch-entry physical and technical responses of rugby league interchange players according to starting status. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching. 18(3), pp. 822-831. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541221089306
A case-control study of tackle based head impact event (HIE) risk factors from the first three-seasons of the National Rugby League women’s competition
McLeod, Shreya, Tucker, Ross, Edwards, Suzi, Jones, Ben, Page, Georgia, Spiegelhalter, Mily, West, Stephen W., Iverson, Grant L. and Gardner, Andrew J.. (2023). A case-control study of tackle based head impact event (HIE) risk factors from the first three-seasons of the National Rugby League women’s competition. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 5, p. Article 1080356. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1080356
Consensus on a netball video analysis framework of descriptors and definitions by the netball video analysis consensus group
Mackay, Lois, Jones, Ben, Janse Van Rensburg, Dina Christina (Christa), Hall, Francine, Alexander, Lisa, Atkinson, Karen, Baldrey, Pippa, Bedford, Anthony, Cormack, Stuart, Clarke, Jade, Croft, Hayden, Denton, Katie, Fox, Aaron S., Hadley, Paige, Handyside, Richard, Hendricks, Sharief, Kerss, Jim, Leota, Liana, Maddern, Bjorn, ... Whitehead, Sarah. (2023). Consensus on a netball video analysis framework of descriptors and definitions by the netball video analysis consensus group. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 57, pp. 441-449. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-106187
Development of complex executive function over childhood : Longitudinal growth curve modeling of performance on the Groton Maze Learning Task
McGuckian, Thomas B., Wilson, Peter H., Johnston, Rich D., Rahimi-Golkhandan, Shahin, Piek, Jan, Green, Dido, Rogers, Jeffrey M., Maruff, Paul, Steenbergen, Bert and Ruddock, Scott. (2023). Development of complex executive function over childhood : Longitudinal growth curve modeling of performance on the Groton Maze Learning Task. Child Development. 94(3), pp. 648-658. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13888
Putting the squeeze on compression garments : Current evidence and recommendations for future research : A systematic scoping review
Weakley, Jonathon, Broatch, James, O’Riordan, Shane, Morrison, Matthew, Maniar, Nirav and Halson, Shona L.. (2022). Putting the squeeze on compression garments : Current evidence and recommendations for future research : A systematic scoping review. Sports Medicine. 52(5), pp. 1141-1160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01604-9
A systematic review on fitness testing in adult male basketball players : Tests adopted, characteristics reported and recommendations for practice
Morrison, Matthew, Martin, David T., Talpey, Scott, Scanlan, Aaron T., Delaney, Jace, Halson, Shona L. and Weakley, Jonathon. (2022). A systematic review on fitness testing in adult male basketball players : Tests adopted, characteristics reported and recommendations for practice. Sports Medicine. 52(7), pp. 1491-1532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01626-3
The inter-device reliability of global navigation satellite systems during team sport movement across multiple days
Crang, Zachary L., Duthie, Grant, Cole, Michael H., Weakley, Jonathon, Hewitt, Adam and Johnston, Rich D.. (2022). The inter-device reliability of global navigation satellite systems during team sport movement across multiple days. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 25(4), pp. 340-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2021.11.044
The field and resistance training loads of academy rugby league players during a preseason : Comparisons across playing positions
Moore, David Anthony, Jones, Ben, Weakley, Jonathon, Whitehead, Sarah and Till, Kevin. (2022). The field and resistance training loads of academy rugby league players during a preseason : Comparisons across playing positions. PLoS ONE. 17(8), p. Article e0272817. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272817
Relationship between preseason training load, match performance, and match activities in professional rugby league
Crang, Zachary L., Hewitt, Adam, Scott, Tannath J., Kelly, Vincent G. and Johnston, Rich D.. (2022). Relationship between preseason training load, match performance, and match activities in professional rugby league. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 36(9), pp. 2581-2588. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003891
Sleep regularity and predictors of sleep efficiency and sleep duration in elite team sport athletes
Halson, Shona L., Johnston, Rich D., Piromalli, Laura, Lalor, Benita J., Cormack, Stuart, Roach, Gregory D. and Sargent, Charli. (2022). Sleep regularity and predictors of sleep efficiency and sleep duration in elite team sport athletes. Sports Medicine - Open. 8(1), p. Article 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00470-7
Contributors to negative biopsychosocial health or performance outcomes in rugby players (CoNBO) : A systematic review and Delphi study protocol
McCormack, Sam, Till, Kevin, Wenlock, Jessica, Whitehead, Sarah, Stokes, Keith A., Bitcon, Mark, Brown, James, Cross, Matt, Davies, Phil, Falvey, Éanna C., Flahive, Sharron, Gardner, Andrew, Hendricks, Sharief, Johnston, Rich, Mellalieu, Stephen D., Parmley, James, Phillips, Gemma, Ramirez, Carlos, Stein, Joshua, ... Jones, Ben. (2022). Contributors to negative biopsychosocial health or performance outcomes in rugby players (CoNBO) : A systematic review and Delphi study protocol. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. 8(4), p. Article e001440. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001440
Overtraining syndrome symptoms and diagnosis in athletes : Where is the research? A systematic review
Weakley, Jonathon, Halson, Shona and Mujika, Inigo. (2022). Overtraining syndrome symptoms and diagnosis in athletes : Where is the research? A systematic review. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 17(5), pp. 675-681. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0448
Sleep, circadian biology and skeletal muscle interactions : Implications for metabolic health
Morrison, Matthew, Halson, Shona L., Weakley, Jonathon and Hawley, John A.. (2022). Sleep, circadian biology and skeletal muscle interactions : Implications for metabolic health. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 66, p. Article 101700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101700
The distribution of match activities relative to the maximal mean intensities in professional rugby league and Australian football
Johnston, Rich D., Thornton, Heidi R., Wade, Jarrod A., Devlin, Paul and Duthie, Grant M.. (2022). The distribution of match activities relative to the maximal mean intensities in professional rugby league and Australian football. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 36(5), pp. 1360-1366. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003613
Sleep quality in elite athletes : Normative values, reliability and understanding contributors to poor sleep
Halson, Shona L., Johnston, Rich D., Appaneal, Renee N., Rogers, Margot A., Toohey, Liam A., Drew, Michael K., Sargent, Charli and Roach, Gregory D.. (2022). Sleep quality in elite athletes : Normative values, reliability and understanding contributors to poor sleep. Sports Medicine. 52(2), pp. 417-426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01555-1
The effects of travel on performance : A 13-year analysis of the National Rugby League (NRL) competition
Read, Dale B., Williams, Sean, Fullagar, Hugh H. K. and Weakley, Jonathon J. S.. (2022). The effects of travel on performance : A 13-year analysis of the National Rugby League (NRL) competition. Science and Medicine in Football. 6(1), pp. 60-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2021.1876243
Quantifying the movement characteristics of Australian Football League women's competition
Thornton, Heidi R., Armstrong, Cameron R., Gamble, Tiernan, Rigby, Alex, Johnston, Rich D. and Duthie, Grant M.. (2022). Quantifying the movement characteristics of Australian Football League women's competition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 36(12), pp. 3415-3421. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000003810
Comparison of the two most commonlyused gold-standard velocity monitoringdevices (GymAware and T-Force) to assesslifting velocity during the free-weightbarbell back squat exercise
Janicijevic, Danica, García-Ramos, Amador, Lamas-Cepero, Juan Luis, García-Pinillos, Felipe, Marcos-Blanco, Aitor, Rojas, Francisco Javier, Weakley, Jonathon and Pérez-Castilla, Alejandro. (2021). Comparison of the two most commonlyused gold-standard velocity monitoringdevices (GymAware and T-Force) to assesslifting velocity during the free-weightbarbell back squat exercise. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology. 237(3), pp. 205-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371211029614
Number of repetitions performed before and after reaching velocity loss thresholds : First repetition versus fastest repetition-mean velocity versus peak velocity
García-Ramos, Amador, Weakley, Jonathon, Janicijevic, Danica and Jukic, Ivan. (2021). Number of repetitions performed before and after reaching velocity loss thresholds : First repetition versus fastest repetition-mean velocity versus peak velocity. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 16(7), pp. 950-957. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0629
Velocity-based training : From theory to application
Weakley, Jonathon, Mann, Bryan, Banyard, Harry, McLaren, Shaun, Scott, Tannath and Garcia-Ramos, Amador. (2021). Velocity-based training : From theory to application. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 43(2), pp. 31-49. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000560
The applied sports science and medicine of netball : A systematic scoping review
Whitehead, Sarah, Weakley, Jonathon, Cormack, Stuart, Alfano, Helen, Kerss, Jim, Mooney, Mitch and Jones, Ben. (2021). The applied sports science and medicine of netball : A systematic scoping review. Sports Medicine. 51(8), pp. 1715-1731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01461-6
Peak movement and technical demands of professional Australian Football competition
Johnston, Rich D., Murray, Nick B., Austin, Damien J. and Duthie, Grant. (2021). Peak movement and technical demands of professional Australian Football competition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 35(10), pp. 2818-2823. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003241
Bench press 1-repetition maximum estimation through the individualized load-velocity relationship : Comparison of different regression models and minimal velocity thresholds
Janicijevic, Danica, Jukic, Ivan, Weakley, Jonathon and García-Ramos, Amador. (2021). Bench press 1-repetition maximum estimation through the individualized load-velocity relationship : Comparison of different regression models and minimal velocity thresholds. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 16(8), pp. 1074-1081. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2020-0312
Jump Training in Rugby Union Players: Barbell or Hexagonal Bar?
Weakley, Jonathon, Till, Kevin, Read, Dale B., Leduc, Cédric, Roe, Gregory A. B., Phibbs, Padraic J., Darrall-Jones, Joshua David and Jones, Ben. (2021). Jump Training in Rugby Union Players: Barbell or Hexagonal Bar? Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 35(3), pp. 754-761. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002742
Physical demands of female collegiate lacrosse competition : Whole-match and peak periods analysis
Calder, Alexander R., Duthie, Grant M., Johnston, Richard D. and Engel, Heather D.. (2021). Physical demands of female collegiate lacrosse competition : Whole-match and peak periods analysis. Sport Sciences for Health. 17(1), pp. 103-109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-020-00659-x
Influence of age and maturation status on sprint acceleration characteristics in junior Australian football
Edwards, Toby, Weakley, Jonathon, Banyard, Harry G., Cripps, Ashley, Piggott, Benjamin, Haff, G. Gregory and Joyce, Christopher. (2021). Influence of age and maturation status on sprint acceleration characteristics in junior Australian football. Journal of Sports Sciences. 39(14), pp. 1585-1593. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1886699
The validity and reliability of wearable microtechnology for intermittent team sports : A systematic review
Crang, Zachary L., Duthie, Grant, Cole, Michael H., Weakley, Jonathon, Hewitt, Adam and Johnston, Rich D.. (2021). The validity and reliability of wearable microtechnology for intermittent team sports : A systematic review. Sports Medicine. 51(3), pp. 549-565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01399-1
The validity and reliability of commercially available resistance training monitoring devices : A systematic review
Weakley, Jonathon, Morrison, Matthew, García-Ramos, Amador, Johnston, Rich, James, Lachlan and Cole, Michael H.. (2021). The validity and reliability of commercially available resistance training monitoring devices : A systematic review. Sports Medicine. 51(3), pp. 443-502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01382-w
Influence of countermovement depth on the countermovement jump-derived reactive strength index modified
Pérez-Castilla, Alejandro, Weakley, Jonathon, García-Pinillos, Felipe, Rojas, F. Javier and García-Ramos, Amador. (2021). Influence of countermovement depth on the countermovement jump-derived reactive strength index modified. European Journal of Sport Science. 21(12), pp. 1606-1616. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1845815
Velocity loss thresholds reliably control kinetic and kinematic outputs during free weight resistance training
Pearson, Madison, García-Ramos, Amador, Morrison, Matthew, Ramirez-Lopez, Carlos, Dalton-Barron, Nicholas and Weakley, Jonathon. (2020). Velocity loss thresholds reliably control kinetic and kinematic outputs during free weight resistance training. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(18), p. Article 6509. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186509
Applied sport science for male age-grade rugby union in England
Till, Kevin, Weakley, Jonathon, Read, Dale B., Phibbs, Padraic, Darrall-Jones, Josh, Roe, Greg, Chantler, Sarah, Mellalieu, Stephen, Hislop, Michael, Stokes, Keith, Rock, Andrew and Jones, Ben. (2020). Applied sport science for male age-grade rugby union in England. Sports Medicine - Open. 6(1), p. Article 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-020-0236-6
Preparing for an Australian Football League Women's League season
Thornton, Heidi Rose, Armstrong, Cameron R., Rigby, Alex, Minahan, Clare L., Johnston, Rich D. and Duthie, Grant Malcolm. (2020). Preparing for an Australian Football League Women's League season. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2, p. Article 608939. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2020.608939
Validity of real-time ultra-wideband global navigation satellite system data generated by a wearable microtechnology unit
Johnston, Rich D., Hewitt, Adam and Duthie, Grant. (2020). Validity of real-time ultra-wideband global navigation satellite system data generated by a wearable microtechnology unit. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 34(7), pp. 2071-2075. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003059
Testing methods and physical qualities of male age grade rugby union players : A systematic review
Owen, Cameron, Till, Kevin, Weakley, Jonathon and Jones, Ben. (2020). Testing methods and physical qualities of male age grade rugby union players : A systematic review. PLoS ONE. 15(6), p. e0233796. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233796
Show me, tell me, encourage me : The effect of different forms of feedback on resistance training performance
Weakley, Jonathon, Wilson, Kyle, Till, Kevin, Banyard, Harry, Dyson, James, Phibbs, Padraic, Read, Dale and Jones, Ben. (2020). Show me, tell me, encourage me : The effect of different forms of feedback on resistance training performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 34(11), pp. 3157-3163. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002887
Convergent validity, reliability, and sensitivity of a running test to monitor neuromuscular fatigue
Leduc, Cédric, Tee, Jason, Lacome, Mathieu, Weakley, Jonathon, Cheradame, Jeremy, Ramirez, Carlos and Jones, Ben. (2020). Convergent validity, reliability, and sensitivity of a running test to monitor neuromuscular fatigue. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 15(8), pp. 1067-1073. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2019-0319
The Quality, Quantity, and Intraindividual Variability of Sleep Among Students and Student-Athletes
Leduc, Cédric, Tee, Jason, Weakley, Jonathon, Ramírez, Carlos A. and Jones, Ben. (2020). The Quality, Quantity, and Intraindividual Variability of Sleep Among Students and Student-Athletes. Sports Health. 12(1), pp. 43 - 50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738119887966
The effects of 10%, 20%, and 30% velocity loss thresholds on kinetic, kinematic, and repetition characteristics during the barbell back squat
Weakley, Jonathon, Ramirez-Lopez, Carlos, McLaren, Shaun, Dalton-Barron, Nicholas, Weaving, Dan, Jones, Ben, Till, Kevin and Banyard, Harry. (2020). The effects of 10%, 20%, and 30% velocity loss thresholds on kinetic, kinematic, and repetition characteristics during the barbell back squat. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 15(2), pp. 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-1008
Criterion validity, and interunit and between-day reliability of the FLEX for measuring barbell velocity during commonly used resistance training exercises
Weakley, Jonathon, Chalkley, Daniel, Johnston, Rich, García-Ramos, Amador, Townshend, Andrew, Dorrell, Harry, Pearson, Madison, Morrison, Matthew and Cole, Michael. (2020). Criterion validity, and interunit and between-day reliability of the FLEX for measuring barbell velocity during commonly used resistance training exercises. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 34(6), pp. 1519 - 1524. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003592
Reliability of the velocity achieved during the last repetition of sets to failure and its association with the velocity of the 1-repetition maximum
García-Ramos, Amador, Janicijevic, Danica, González-Hernández, Jorge M., Keogh, Justin W. L. and Weakley, Jonathon. (2020). Reliability of the velocity achieved during the last repetition of sets to failure and its association with the velocity of the 1-repetition maximum. PeerJ. 8, pp. 1 - 14. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8760
Application of velocity loss thresholds during free-weight resistance training: Responses and reproducibility of perceptual, metabolic, and neuromuscular outcomes
Weakley, Jonathon, McLaren, Shaun, Ramirez-Lopez, Carlos, García-Ramos, Amador, Dalton-Barron, Nicholas, Banyard, Harry, Mann, Bryan, Weaving, Dan and Jones, Ben. (2020). Application of velocity loss thresholds during free-weight resistance training: Responses and reproducibility of perceptual, metabolic, and neuromuscular outcomes. Journal of Sports Sciences. 38(5), pp. 477 - 485. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1706831
Effect of competition frequency on strength performance of powerlifting athletes
Pearson, Joshua, Spathis, Jemima G., van den Hoek, Daniel J., Owen, Patrick J., Weakley, Jonathon and Latella, Christopher. (2020). Effect of competition frequency on strength performance of powerlifting athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 34(5), pp. 1213 - 1219. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003563
Validity of real-time ultra-wideband global navigation satellite system data generated by a wearable microtechnology unit
Johnston, Rich D., Hewitt, Adam and Duthie, Grant. (2019). Validity of real-time ultra-wideband global navigation satellite system data generated by a wearable microtechnology unit. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 34(7), pp. 2071-2075. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003059
The influence of pre-season training loads on in-season match activities in professional Australian football players
Johnston, Rich D., Murray, Nicholas B. and Austin, Damien J.. (2019). The influence of pre-season training loads on in-season match activities in professional Australian football players. Science and Medicine in Football. 3(2), pp. 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2018.1501160
Sub-maximal heart rate is associated with changes in high-intensity intermittent running ability in professional rugby league players
Hulin, Billy T., Gabbett, Tim J., Johnston, Rich D. and Jenkins, David G.. (2019). Sub-maximal heart rate is associated with changes in high-intensity intermittent running ability in professional rugby league players. Science and Medicine in Football. 3(1), pp. 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2018.1475748
Rating of perceived challenge as a measure of internal load for technical skill performance
Hendricks, Sharief, Till, Kevin, Oliver, Jon L., Johnston, Rich D., Attwood, Matthew J., Brown, James Craig, Drake, David, MacLeod, Simon, Mellalieu, Stephen D. and Jones, Ben. (2019). Rating of perceived challenge as a measure of internal load for technical skill performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 53(10), pp. 611-613. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099871
Using microtechnology to quantify torso angle during match-play in field hockey
Warman, Geoffrey Ernest, Cole, Michael H., Chalkley, Daniel, Johnston, richard and Pepping, Gert-Jan. (2019). Using microtechnology to quantify torso angle during match-play in field hockey. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 33(10), pp. 2648 - 2654. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003238
The influence of contextual factors on running performance in female Australian football match-play
Black, Georgia M., Gabbett, Tim, Naughton, Geraldine, Cole, Michael H., Johnston, Richard and Dawson, Brian. (2019). The influence of contextual factors on running performance in female Australian football match-play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 33(9), pp. 2488 - 2495. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002142
Structure of force variability during squats performed with an inertial flywheel device under stable versus unstable surfaces
Moras, Gerard, Vázquez-Guerrero, Jairo, Fernández-Valdés, Bruno, Rosas-Casals, Marti, Weakley, Jonathon, Jones, Ben and Sampaio, Jaime. (2019). Structure of force variability during squats performed with an inertial flywheel device under stable versus unstable surfaces. Human Movement Science. 66, pp. 497 - 503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2019.05.022
Assessment of the load-velocity profile in the free-weight prone bench pull exercise through different velocity variables and regression models
García-Ramos, Amador, Ulloa-Díaz, David, Barboza-González, Paola, Rodríguez-Perea, Ángela, Martínez-García, Darío, Quidel-Catrilelbún, Mauricio, Guede-Rojas, Francisco, Cuevas-Aburto, Jesualdo, Janicijevic, Danica and Weakley, Jonathon. (2019). Assessment of the load-velocity profile in the free-weight prone bench pull exercise through different velocity variables and regression models. PLoS ONE. 14(2), pp. 1 - 12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212085
Criterion validity of force and power outputs for a commonly used flywheel resistance training device and bluetooth app
Weakley, Jonathon, Fernández-Valdés, Bruno, Thomas, Liam, Ramirez-Lopez, Carlos and Jones, Ben. (2019). Criterion validity of force and power outputs for a commonly used flywheel resistance training device and bluetooth app. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 33(5), pp. 1180 - 1184. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003132
The effects of augmented feedback on sprint, jump, and strength adaptations in rugby union players after a 4-week training program
Weakley, Jonathon, Till, Kevin, Sampson, John Andrew, Banyard, Harry, Leduc, Cédric, Wilson, Kyle M., Roe, Gregory A. B. and Jones, Ben. (2019). The effects of augmented feedback on sprint, jump, and strength adaptations in rugby union players after a 4-week training program. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 14(9), pp. 1205 - 1211. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0523
Reliability and validity of different methods of estimating the one-repetition maximum during the free-weight prone bench pull exercise
García-Ramos, Amador, Barboza-González, Paola, Ulloa-Díaz, David, Rodríguez-Perea, Ángela, Martínez-García, Darío, Guede-Rojas, Francisco, Hinojosa-Riveros, Hans, Chirosa-Ríos, Luis Javier, Cuevas-Aburto, Jesualdo, Janicijevic, Danica and Weakley, Jonathon. (2019). Reliability and validity of different methods of estimating the one-repetition maximum during the free-weight prone bench pull exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences. 37(19), pp. 2205 - 2212. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1626071
Influence of physical characteristics and match outcome on technical errors during rugby league match play
Johnston, Richard. (2019). Influence of physical characteristics and match outcome on technical errors during rugby league match play. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 14(8), pp. 1043 - 1049. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0354
The peak duration-specific locomotor demands and concurrent collision frequencies of European Super League rugby
Weaving, Dan, Sawczuk, Thomas, Williams, Sean, Scott, Tannath, Till, Kevin, Beggs, Clive, Johnston, Rich D. and Jones, Ben. (2019). The peak duration-specific locomotor demands and concurrent collision frequencies of European Super League rugby. Journal of Sports Sciences. 37(3), pp. 322-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1500425
Technical skill training framework and skill load measurements for the rugby union tackle
Hendricks, Sharief, Till, Kevin, Oliver, Jon L., Johnston, Rich D., Attwood, Matthew, Brown, James, Drake, David, MacLeod, Simon, Mellalieu, Stephen D., Treu, Paul and Jones, Ben. (2018). Technical skill training framework and skill load measurements for the rugby union tackle. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 40(5), pp. 44-59. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000400
Organized chaos in late specialization team sports: Weekly training loads of elite adolescent rugby union players
Phibbs, Padraic J., Jones, Ben, Roe, Gregory A. B., Read, Dale B., Darrall-Jones, Joshua David, Weakley, Jonathon, Rock, Andrew and Till, Kevin. (2018). Organized chaos in late specialization team sports: Weekly training loads of elite adolescent rugby union players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 32(5), pp. 1316 - 1323. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001965
The physical characteristics of specific phases of play during rugby union match play
Read, Dale B., Jones, Ben, Williams, Sean, Phibbs, Padraic J., Darrall-Jones, Joshua David, Roe, Gregory A. B., Weakley, Jonathon, Rock, Andrew and Till, Kevin. (2018). The physical characteristics of specific phases of play during rugby union match play. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 13(10), pp. 1331 - 1336. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0625
Understanding the relationship between coach and athlete perceptions of training intensity in youth sport
Scantlebury, Sean, Till, Kevin, Sawczuk, Tom, Weakley, Jonathon and Jones, Ben. (2018). Understanding the relationship between coach and athlete perceptions of training intensity in youth sport. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 32(11), pp. 3239 - 3245. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002204
The organised chaos of English adolescent rugby union: Influence of weekly match frequency on the variability of match and training loads
Phibbs, Padraic J., Jones, Ben, Roe, Gregory A. B., Read, Dale B., Darrall-Jones, Joshua David, Weakley, Jonathon, Rock, Andrew and Till, Kevin. (2018). The organised chaos of English adolescent rugby union: Influence of weekly match frequency on the variability of match and training loads. European Journal of Sport Science. 18(3), pp. 341 - 348. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1418026
Between-day reliability and usefulness of a fitness testing battery in youth sport athletes: Reference data for practitioners
Sawczuk, Thomas, Jones, Ben, Scantlebury, Sean, Weakley, Jonathon, Read, Dale B., Costello, Nessan, Darrall-Jones, Joshua David, Stokes, Keith A. and Till, Kevin. (2018). Between-day reliability and usefulness of a fitness testing battery in youth sport athletes: Reference data for practitioners. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science. 22(1), pp. 11 - 18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2017.1360304
Bigger, stronger, faster, fitter: The differences in physical qualities of school and academy rugby union players
Jones, Ben, Weaving, Dan, Tee, Jason, Darrall-Jones, Joshua David, Weakley, Jonathon, Phibbs, Padraic J., Read, Dale B., Roe, Gregory A. B., Hendricks, Sharief and Till, Kevin. (2018). Bigger, stronger, faster, fitter: The differences in physical qualities of school and academy rugby union players. Journal of Sports Sciences. 36(21), pp. 2399 - 2404. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1458589
Applied sport science of Australian football: A systematic review
Johnston, Richard, Black, Georgia M., Harrison, Peter W., Murray, Nick B. and Austin, Damien J.. (2018). Applied sport science of Australian football: A systematic review. Sports Medicine. 48(7), pp. 1673 - 1694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0919-z
Changes in rugby league tackling ability during a competitive season : The relationship with strength and power qualities
Speranza, Michael J. A., Gabbett, Tim J., Greene, David A., Johnston, Rich D. and Sheppard, Jeremy M.. (2017). Changes in rugby league tackling ability during a competitive season : The relationship with strength and power qualities. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 31(12), pp. 3311-3318. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001540
Validity of daily and weekly self-reported training load measures in adolescent athletes
Phibbs, Padraic J., Roe, Gregory, Jones, Ben, Read, Dale B., Weakley, Jonathon, Darrall-Jones, Joshua and Till, Kevin. (2017). Validity of daily and weekly self-reported training load measures in adolescent athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 31(4), pp. 1121 - 1126. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001708
Wearable microtechnology can accurately identify collision events during professional rugby league match-play
Hulin, Billy T., Gabbett, Tim J., Johnston, Rich D. and Jenkins, David G.. (2017). Wearable microtechnology can accurately identify collision events during professional rugby league match-play. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 20(7), pp. 638-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.11.006
Influence of physical maturity status on sprinting speed among youth soccer players
McCunn, Robert, Weston, Matthew, Hill, John KA, Johnston, Richard and Gibson, Neil V.. (2017). Influence of physical maturity status on sprinting speed among youth soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 31(7), pp. 1795 - 1801. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001654
Movement and physical demands of school and university rugby union match-play in England
Read, Dale, Weaving, Daniel, Phibbs, Padraic, Darrall-Jones, Joshua, Roe, Gregory, Weakley, Jonathon, Hendricks, Sharief, Till, Kevin and Jones, Ben. (2017). Movement and physical demands of school and university rugby union match-play in England. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. 2(1), pp. 1 - 7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000147
The effect of physical contact on changes in fatigue markers following rugby union field-based training
Roe, Gregory, Darrall-Jones, Joshua, Till, Kevin, Phibbs, Padraic, Read, Dale, Weakley, Jonathon, Rock, Andrew and Jones, Ben. (2017). The effect of physical contact on changes in fatigue markers following rugby union field-based training. European Journal of Sport Science. 17(6), pp. 647 - 655. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1287960
To jump or cycle? Monitoring neuromuscular function in rugby union players
Roe, Gregory, Darrall-Jones, Joshua, Till, Kevin, Phibbs, Padraic J., Read, Dale, Weakley, Jonathon and Jones, Ben. (2017). To jump or cycle? Monitoring neuromuscular function in rugby union players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 12(5), pp. 690 - 696. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0273
Effect of different repeated-high-intensity-effort bouts on subsequent running, skill performance, and neuromuscular function
Johnston, Rich D., Gabbett, Tim J., Jenkins, David G. and Speranza, Michael J.. (2016). Effect of different repeated-high-intensity-effort bouts on subsequent running, skill performance, and neuromuscular function. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 11(3), pp. 311-318. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0243
The effect of body mass on the 30-15 intermittent fitness test in rugby union players
Darrall-Jones, Joshua David, Roe, Gregory A. B., Carney, Shane, Clayton, Ryan, Phibbs, Padraic J., Read, Dale B., Weakley, Jonathon, Till, Kevin and Jones, Ben. (2016). The effect of body mass on the 30-15 intermittent fitness test in rugby union players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 11(3), pp. 400 - 403. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0231
Between-days reliability and sensitivity of common fatigue measures in rugby players
Roe, Gregory A. B., Darrall-Jones, Joshua David, Till, Kevin, Phibbs, Padraic J., Read, Dale B., Weakley, Jonathon and Jones, Ben. (2016). Between-days reliability and sensitivity of common fatigue measures in rugby players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 11(5), pp. 581 - 586. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0413
Are three contact efforts really reflective of a repeated high-intensity effort bout?
Johnston, Rich D., Gabbett, Tim J., Walker, Shane, Walker, Ben and Jenkins, David G.. (2015). Are three contact efforts really reflective of a repeated high-intensity effort bout? Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 29(3), pp. 816-821. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000679
The influence of physical fitness and playing standard on pacing strategies during a team-sport tournament
Johnston, Rich, Gabbett, Tim and Jenkins, David. (2015). The influence of physical fitness and playing standard on pacing strategies during a team-sport tournament. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 10(8), pp. 1001 - 1008. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0005
Fatigue and pacing in rugby league players
Johnston, Richard. (2015). Fatigue and pacing in rugby league players [Thesis]. https://doi.org/10.4226/66/5a9cbe35b0b9e
Influence of playing standard and physical fitness on activity profiles and post-match fatigue during intensified junior rugby league competition
Johnston, Rich, Gabbett, Tim and Jenkins, David. (2015). Influence of playing standard and physical fitness on activity profiles and post-match fatigue during intensified junior rugby league competition. Sports Medicine - Open. 1(18), pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-015-0015-y
Relationship between a standardized tackling proficiency test and match-play tackle performance in semiprofessional Rugby League players
Speranza, Michael, Gabbett, Tim, Johnston, Rich and Sheppard, Jeremy. (2015). Relationship between a standardized tackling proficiency test and match-play tackle performance in semiprofessional Rugby League players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 10(6), pp. 754 - 760. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0044
Muscular strength and power correlates of tackling ability in semiprofessional Rugby League players
Speranza, Michael, Gabbett, Tim, Johnston, Richard and Sheppard, Jeremy. (2015). Muscular strength and power correlates of tackling ability in semiprofessional Rugby League players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 29(8), pp. 2071 - 2078. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000897
Applied sport science of Rugby League
Johnston, Rich, Gabbett, Tim J. and Jenkins, David. (2014). Applied sport science of Rugby League. Sports Medicine: reviews of applied medicine and science in sport and exercise. 44(8), pp. 1087 - 1100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0190-x
Influence of Physical Contact on Pacing Strategies During Game-Based Activities
Johnston, Rich, Gabbett, Tim, Seibold, Anthony and Jenkins, David. (2014). Influence of Physical Contact on Pacing Strategies During Game-Based Activities. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 9(5), pp. 811 - 816. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0424
Physiological responses to an intensified period of rugby league competition
Johnston, Rich D., Gibson, Neil V., Twist, Craig, Gabbett, Tim. J., MacNay, Sophie A. and MacFarlane, Niall G.. (2013). Physiological responses to an intensified period of rugby league competition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 27(3), pp. 643-654. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825bb469
Relationship between measures of aerobic fitness, speed and repeated sprint ability in full and part time youth soccer players
Gibson, Neil V., Currie, J., Johnston, Richard and Hill, J.. (2013). Relationship between measures of aerobic fitness, speed and repeated sprint ability in full and part time youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 53(1), pp. 9 - 16.
Influence of an intensified competition on fatigue and match performance in junior rugby league players
Johnston, Richard, Gabbett, Timothy and Jenkins, David. (2013). Influence of an intensified competition on fatigue and match performance in junior rugby league players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.10.009