Smoking among healthcare professionals in Australia : A scoping review

Journal article

Salehin, Masudus, Lam, Louisa and Rahman, Aziz. (2025). Smoking among healthcare professionals in Australia : A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 22(1), p. Article 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010113
AuthorsSalehin, Masudus, Lam, Louisa and Rahman, Aziz
Abstract

Studies showed healthcare professionals who are non-smokers are more likely to deliver smoking cessation advice to their patients than those who are smokers. However, healthcare professionals continue to smoke across the globe. This scoping review assessed the available data on the prevalence and predictors of smoking among healthcare professionals in Australia. Following the PRISMA extension for the Scoping Review checklist, a systematic literature search was conducted on CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library in August 2024. Articles published between 1990 and 2024 were considered, and finally, 26 papers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Australian healthcare professionals showed varying smoking prevalence. For physicians, it was 10.2% in 1990 to 7.4% in 2013; among dentists, 6% in 1993 to 4.9% in 2004; and among nurses, 21.7% in 1991 and 10.3% during 2014–15. The highest smoking rates were observed among Aboriginal health workers (AHWs): 63.6% in 1995 to 24.6% in 2021. Age was a positive predictor for smoking among nurses, and so was male gender among dentists, physicians, and nurses; other predictors included area of specialty, lower emotional wellbeing, etc. This review highlighted a declining trend in smoking among healthcare professionals in Australia; however, it was not proportionate among the different health specialties.

Keywordssmoking; prevalence; predictors; health professionals; Australia
Year2025
JournalInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Journal citation22 (1), p. Article 113
PublisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI AG)
ISSN1661-7827
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22010113
PubMed ID39857565
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85216019188
PubMed Central IDPMC11764796
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Page range1-33
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online15 Jan 2025
Publication process dates
Accepted10 Jan 2025
Deposited30 Jun 2025
Additional information

© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Guo, Yu-fang, Wang, Xin-Xin, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy, Lam, Louisa Lok Yi and Wang, Shuang-Shuang. (2021). Influence of core competence on voice behavior of clinical nurses : A multicenter cross-sectional study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 14, pp. 501-510. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S309565
Condom use consistency and associated factors among college student men who have sex with men from seven colleges in changsha city : A cross-sectional survey
Wang, Honghong, Yu, Simin, Cross, Wendy, Lam, Louisa, Banik, Biswajit and Zhang, Kaili. (2021). Condom use consistency and associated factors among college student men who have sex with men from seven colleges in changsha city : A cross-sectional survey. HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care. 13, pp. 557-569. https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S305932
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in ten countries and associated perceived risk for all transport modes
Barbieri, Diego Maria, Lou, Baowen, Passavanti, Marco, Hui, Cang, Hoff, Inge, Lessa, Daniela Antunes, Sikka, Gaurav, Chang, Kevin, Gupta, Akshay, Fang, Kevin, Banerjee, Arunabha, Maharaj, Brij, Lam, Louisa, Ghasemi, Navid, Naik, Bhaven, Wang, Fusong, Mirhosseini, Ali Foroutan, Naseri, Sahra, Liu, Zhuangzhuang, ... Rashidi, Taha Hossein. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in ten countries and associated perceived risk for all transport modes. PLoS ONE. 16(2), p. Article e0245886. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245886
Feeling responsible : Family caregivers’ attitudes and experiences of shared decision-making regarding people diagnosed with schizophrenia : A qualitative study
Huang, Chongmei, Lam, Louisa Lok Yi, Plummer, Virginia and Cross, Wendy. (2021). Feeling responsible : Family caregivers’ attitudes and experiences of shared decision-making regarding people diagnosed with schizophrenia : A qualitative study. Patient Education and Counseling. 104(7), pp. 1553-1559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.10.032
Willingness, preferred ways and potential barriers to use pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men in China
Yu, Simin, Cross, Wendy, Lam, Louisa Lok Yi, Zhang, Kaili, Banik, Biswajit, Li, Xianhong and Wang, Honghong. (2021). Willingness, preferred ways and potential barriers to use pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men in China. BMJ Open. 11(10), p. Article e053634. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053634
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and endotracheal intubation decisions for adults with advance care directive and resuscitation plans in the emergency department
Osman, Abdi D., Rahman, Aziz, Lam, Louisa Lok Yi, Lin, Chien-Che, Yeoh, Michael, Judkins, Simon, Pratten, Neely, Moran, Juli and Jones, Daryl. (2020). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and endotracheal intubation decisions for adults with advance care directive and resuscitation plans in the emergency department. Australasian Emergency Care. 23(4), pp. 247-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.auec.2020.05.003
Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue in Australian emergency nurses : A descriptive cross-sectional study
O'Callaghan, Erin L., Lam, Louisa, Cant, Robyn and Moss, Cheryle. (2020). Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue in Australian emergency nurses : A descriptive cross-sectional study. International Emergency Nursing. 48, p. Article 100785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2019.06.008
I am the person who knows myself best : Perception on shared decision-making among hospitalized people diagnosed with schizophrenia in China
Huang, Chongmei, Plummer, Virginia, Wang, Yun, Lam, Louisa and Cross, Wendy. (2020). I am the person who knows myself best : Perception on shared decision-making among hospitalized people diagnosed with schizophrenia in China. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 29(5), pp. 846-855. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12718
Impact of WeChat-based 'three good things' on turnover intention and coping style in burnout nurses
Guo, Yu-Fang, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy, Lam, Louisa and Zhang, Jing-Ping. (2020). Impact of WeChat-based 'three good things' on turnover intention and coping style in burnout nurses. Journal of Nursing Management. 28(7), pp. 1570-1577. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13111
Non-pharmacological depression therapies for older Chinese adults : A systematic review & meta-analysis
Gill, Baljit Kaur, Cant, Robyn, Lam, Louisa, Cooper, Simon and Lou, Vivian Wei Qun. (2020). Non-pharmacological depression therapies for older Chinese adults : A systematic review & meta-analysis. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 88, p. Article 104037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104037
Perceptions of shared decision-making in severe mental illness : An integrative review
Huang, Chongmei, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa and Cross, Wendy. (2020). Perceptions of shared decision-making in severe mental illness : An integrative review. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 27(2), pp. 103-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12558
Translation and psychometric testing of a decision-making scale
Huang, Chongmei, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa and Cross, Wendy. (2020). Translation and psychometric testing of a decision-making scale. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 27(5), pp. 533-542. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12601
Shared decision-making in serious mental illness : A comparative study
Huang, Chongmei, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa and Cross, Wendy. (2020). Shared decision-making in serious mental illness : A comparative study. Patient Education and Counseling. 103(8), pp. 1637-1644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.03.009
A WeChat-based “three good things” positive psychotherapy for the improvement of job performance and self-efficacy in nurses with burnout symptoms : A randomized controlled trial
Guo, Yu-Fang, Lam, Louisa, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy and Zhang, Jing-Ping. (2020). A WeChat-based “three good things” positive psychotherapy for the improvement of job performance and self-efficacy in nurses with burnout symptoms : A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nursing Management. 28(3), pp. 480-487. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12927
Hospital nurses' simulation-based education regarding patient safety : A scoping review
Cant, Robyn P., Cooper, Simon J. and Lam, Louisa L.. (2020). Hospital nurses' simulation-based education regarding patient safety : A scoping review. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 44, pp. 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2019.11.006
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Vos, Theo, Lim, Stephen S., Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abbasi, Mohammad, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abrams, Elissa M., Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R. M., Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., ... Murray, Christopher J. L.. (2020). Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet. 396(10258), pp. 1204-1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Murray, Christopher J. L., Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Zheng, Peng, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R. M., Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Adabi, Maryam, ... Lim, Stephen S.. (2020). Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet. 396(10258), pp. 1223-1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2
A study protocol of mobile phone app-based cognitive behaviour training for the prevention of postpartum depression among high-risk mothers
Sun, Mei, Tang, Siyuan, Chen, Jiarui, Li, Ying, Bai, Wenhui, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Qin, Chunxiang and Cross, Wendy M.. (2019). A study protocol of mobile phone app-based cognitive behaviour training for the prevention of postpartum depression among high-risk mothers. BMC Public Health. 19(1), p. Article 710. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6941-8
Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
Fitzmaurice, Christina, Abate, Degu, Abbasi, Naghmeh, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulle, Abdishakur S. M., Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Advani, Shailesh M., Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Aghaali, Mohammad, ... Murray, Christopher J. L.. (2019). Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. JAMA Oncology. 5(12), pp. 1749-1768. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2996
The effects of resilience and turnover intention on nurses’ burnout : Findings from a comparative cross-sectional study
Guo, Yu-fang, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Wang, Yan, Cross, Wendy and Zhang, Jing-ping. (2019). The effects of resilience and turnover intention on nurses’ burnout : Findings from a comparative cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 28(3-4), pp. 499-508. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14637
The risk factors of antenatal depression : A cross-sectional survey
Chen, Jiarui, Cross, Wendy M., Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Sun, Mei, Qin, Chunxiang and Tang, Siyuan. (2019). The risk factors of antenatal depression : A cross-sectional survey. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 28(19-20), pp. 3599-3609. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14955
Using the theory of planned behaviour to predict nurse's intention to undertake dual practice in China : A multicentre survey
Bai, Xiaoling, Wang, Anni, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Cross, Wendy, Guan, Ziyao, Hu, Xin, Sun, Mei and Tang, Siyuan. (2019). Using the theory of planned behaviour to predict nurse's intention to undertake dual practice in China : A multicentre survey. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 28(11-12), pp. 2101-2110. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14791
An evaluation of a positive psychological intervention to reduce burnout among nurses
Luo, Yuan-hui, Li, Hui, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy M., Lam, Louisa, Guo, Yu-fang, Yin, Yi-zhen and Zhang, Jing-ping. (2019). An evaluation of a positive psychological intervention to reduce burnout among nurses. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 33(6), pp. 186-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2019.08.004
A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in Chinese immigrant women
Chen, Jiarui, Cross, Wendy M., Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa and Tang, Siyuan. (2019). A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in Chinese immigrant women. Women and Birth. 32(6), pp. 487-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.11.019
Newly qualified graduate nurses’ experiences of workplace incivility in Australian hospital settings
Mammen, Bindu, Hills, Danny J. and Lam, Louisa. (2018). Newly qualified graduate nurses’ experiences of workplace incivility in Australian hospital settings. Collegian. 25(6), pp. 591-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2018.08.003
Burnout and its association with resilience in nurses : A cross-sectional study
Guo, Yu-fang, Luo, Yuan-hui, Lam, Louisa, Cross, Wendy, Plummer, Virginia and Zhang, Jing-ping. (2018). Burnout and its association with resilience in nurses : A cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 27(1-2), pp. 441-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13952
Workplace aggression experiences and responses of Victorian nurses, midwives and care personnel
Hills, Danny, Lam, Louisa and Hills, Sharon. (2018). Workplace aggression experiences and responses of Victorian nurses, midwives and care personnel. Collegian. 25(6), pp. 575-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2018.09.003
The efficacy of different modes of analgesia in postoperative pain management and early mobilization in postoperative cardiac surgical patients : A systematic review
Nachiyunde, Brenda and Lam, Louisa. (2018). The efficacy of different modes of analgesia in postoperative pain management and early mobilization in postoperative cardiac surgical patients : A systematic review. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia. 21(4), pp. 363-370. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_186_17
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
James, Spencer L., Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M., Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Zegeye, Abera, Semaw F., Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, ... Murray, Christopher J. L.. (2018). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 392(10159), pp. 1789-1858. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7
Positive psychotherapy for depression and self-efficacy in undergraduate nursing students : A randomized, controlled trial
Guo, Yu-Fang, Zhang, Xia, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Cross, Wendy and Zhang, Jing-Ping. (2017). Positive psychotherapy for depression and self-efficacy in undergraduate nursing students : A randomized, controlled trial. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 26(4), pp. 375-383. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12255
Female nurses’ burnout symptoms : No association with the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis
Guo, Yufang, Lam, Louisa, Luo, Yuanhui, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy, Li, Hui, Yin, Yizhen and Zhang, Jingping. (2017). Female nurses’ burnout symptoms : No association with the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 77, pp. 47-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.020
Exploring resilience in Chinese nurses : A cross-sectional study
Guo, Yu-Fang, Cross, Wendy, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Luo, Yuan-Hui and Zhang, Jing-Ping. (2017). Exploring resilience in Chinese nurses : A cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management. 25(3), pp. 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12457