A meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating for weight loss

Journal article

Elortegui Pascual, Paloma, Rolands, Maryann R., Eldridge, Alison L., Kassis, Amira, Mainardi, Fabio, Lê, Kim-Anne, Karagounis, Leonidas G., Gut, Philipp and Varady, Krista A.. (2023). A meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating for weight loss. Obesity. 31(Supp. 1), pp. 9-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23568
AuthorsElortegui Pascual, Paloma, Rolands, Maryann R., Eldridge, Alison L., Kassis, Amira, Mainardi, Fabio, Lê, Kim-Anne, Karagounis, Leonidas G., Gut, Philipp and Varady, Krista A.
Abstract

Objective
The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness of different intermittent fasting (IF) regimens on weight loss, in the general population, and compare these to traditional caloric energy restriction (CER).

Methods
Three databases were searched from 2011 to June 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed weight loss and IF, including alternate day fasting (ADF), the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating (TRE). A random effect network analysis was used to compare the effectiveness between the three regimens. Meta-regression analysis was presented as weighted mean differences of body weight loss.

Results
The exploratory random effects network analysis of 24 RCTs (n = 1768) ranked ADF as the most effective, followed by CER and TRE. The meta-analysis showed that IF regimens resulted in similar weight loss to CER (mean difference 0.26 kg, 95% CI: –0.31 to 0.84; p = 0.37). Compliance was generally high (>80%) in trials shorter than 3 months.

Conclusions
The present meta-analysis concludes that IF is comparable to CER and a promising alternative for weight loss. Among the three regimens, ADF showed the highest effectiveness for weight loss, followed by CER and TRE. Further well-powered RCTs with longer durations of intervention are required to draw solid conclusions.

Year2023
JournalObesity
Journal citation31 (Supp. 1), pp. 9-21
PublisherWiley Periodicals LLC
ISSN1930-7381
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23568
PubMed ID36349432
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85141564376
PubMed Central IDPMC10098946
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Page range9-21
FunderSociété des Produits Nestlé SA
Nestlé Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online08 Nov 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted11 Jul 2022
Deposited29 Nov 2023
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