Neighborhood built environment and transport and leisure physical activity : findings using objective exposure and outcome measures in New Zealand
Journal article
Witten, Karen, Blakely, Tony, Bagheri, Nasser, Badland, Hannah, Ivory, Vivienne, Pearce, Jamie, Mavoa, Suzanne, Hinckson, Erica and Schofield, Grant. (2012). Neighborhood built environment and transport and leisure physical activity : findings using objective exposure and outcome measures in New Zealand. Environmental Health Perspectives. 120(7), pp. 971-977. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104584
Authors | Witten, Karen, Blakely, Tony, Bagheri, Nasser, Badland, Hannah, Ivory, Vivienne, Pearce, Jamie, Mavoa, Suzanne, Hinckson, Erica and Schofield, Grant |
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Abstract | Background: Evidence of associations between neighborhood built environments and transport-related physical activity (PA) is accumulating, but few studies have investigated associations with leisure-time PA. Objective: We investigated associations of five objectively measured characteristics of the neighborhood built environment—destination access, street connectivity, dwelling density, land-use mix and streetscape quality—with residents’ self-reported PA (transport, leisure, and walking) and accelerometer-derived measures of PA. Methods: Using a multicity stratified cluster sampling design, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 2,033 adults who lived in 48 New Zealand neighborhoods. Multilevel regression modeling, which was adjusted for individual-level (sociodemographic and neighborhood preference) and neighborhood-level (deprivation) confounders, was used to estimate associations of built environment with PA. Results: We found that 1-SD increases in destination access, street connectivity, and dwelling density were associated with any versus no self-reported transport, leisure, or walking PA, with increased odds ranging from 21% [street connectivity with leisure PA, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0%, 47%] to 44% (destination accessibility with walking, 95% CI: 17%, 79%). Among participants who self-reported some PA, a 1-SD increase in street connectivity was associated with a 13% increase in leisure PA (95% CI: 0, 28%). SD increases in destination access, street connectivity, and dwelling density were each associated with 7% increases in accelerometer counts. Conclusions: Associations of neighborhood destination access, street connectivity, and dwelling density with self-reported and objectively measured PA were moderately strong, indicating the potential to increase PA through changes in neighborhood characteristics. |
Keywords | active travel; built environment; epidemiology; geographic information systems; neighborhood; physical activity; urban design; walkability |
Year | 01 Jan 2012 |
Journal | Environmental Health Perspectives |
Journal citation | 120 (7), pp. 971-977 |
Publisher | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
ISSN | 1552-9924 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104584 |
PubMed ID | 22456536 |
Web address (URL) | https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.1104584 |
Open access | Open access |
Research or scholarly | Research |
Page range | 971-977 |
Publisher's version | License File Access Level Open |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 28 Mar 2012 |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 28 Mar 2012 |
Deposited | 17 May 2024 |
Supplemental file | License File Access Level Open |
Additional information | EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. |
EHP articles lie in the public domain | |
Authors of research articles do retain copyright of the article’s contents. | |
The URBAN Study and the Neighbourhood and Health Study were funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand (grants 07/356 and 08/048). | |
Place of publication | United States |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/90773/neighborhood-built-environment-and-transport-and-leisure-physical-activity-findings-using-objective-exposure-and-outcome-measures-in-new-zealand
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Supplemental file
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License: CC0 | |
File access level: Open |
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