Effects of sports compression socks on performance, physiological, and hematological alterations after long-haul air travel in elite female volleyballers

Journal article

Broatch, James R., Bishop, David J., Zadow, Emma K. and Halson, Shona. (2019). Effects of sports compression socks on performance, physiological, and hematological alterations after long-haul air travel in elite female volleyballers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 33(2), pp. 492-501. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003002
AuthorsBroatch, James R., Bishop, David J., Zadow, Emma K. and Halson, Shona
Abstract

Broatch, JR, Bishop, DJ, Zadow, EK, and Halson, S. Effects of sports compression socks on performance, physiological, and hematological alterations after long-haul air travel in elite female volleyballers. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 492-501, 2019-The purpose of this investigation was to assess the merit of sports compression socks in minimizing travel-induced performance, physiological, and hematological alterations in elite female volleyball athletes. Twelve elite female volleyballers (age, 25 +/- 2 years) traveled from Canberra (Australia) to Manila (Philippines), and were assigned to 1 of 2 conditions; compression socks (COMP, n = 6) worn during travel or a passive control (CON, n = 6). Dependent measures included countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, subjective ratings of well-being, cardiovascular function, calf girth, and markers of blood clotting, collected before (-24 hours, CMJ; -12 hours, all measures), during (+6.5 and +9 hours, subjective ratings and cardiovascular function), and after (+12 hours, all measures except CMJ; +24 hours and +48 hours, CMJ) travel. When compared with CON, small-to-large effects were observed for COMP to improve heart rate (+9 hours), oxygen saturation (+6.5 hours and +9 hours), alertness (+6.5 hours), fatigue (+6.5 hours), muscle soreness (+6.5 hours and +9 hours), and overall health (+6.5 hours) during travel. After travel, small-to-moderate effects were observed for COMP to improve systolic blood pressure (+12 hours), right calf girth (+12 hours), CMJ height (+24 hours), mean velocity (+24 hours), and relative power (+48 hours), compared with CON. COMP had no effect on the markers of blood clotting. This study suggests that compression socks are beneficial in combating the stressors imposed by long-haul travel in elite athletes, and may have merit for individuals frequenting long-haul travel or competing soon after flying.

Keywordstravel fatigue; jet lag; circadian; team sport; elite athletes
Year2019
JournalJournal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Journal citation33 (2), pp. 492-501
PublisherLippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISSN1533-4287
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003002
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85060623528
Open accessPublished as green open access
Page range492-501
Research GroupSports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre
Author's accepted manuscript
License
File Access Level
Open
Publisher's version
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Controlled
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online2018
Permalink -

https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/886x5/effects-of-sports-compression-socks-on-performance-physiological-and-hematological-alterations-after-long-haul-air-travel-in-elite-female-volleyballers

Log in to edit

Download files

Author's accepted manuscript
AM_Broatch_2019_Effects_of_sports_compression_socks_on.pdf
License: CC BY-NC 4.0
File access level: Open

Restricted files

Publisher's version

  • 136
    total views
  • 224
    total downloads
  • 0
    views this month
  • 2
    downloads this month
These values are for the period from 19th October 2020, when this repository was created.

Export as

Related outputs

Validity and reliability of thoracic-mounted inertial measurement units to derive gait characteristics during running
Horsley, Benjamin, Tofari, Paul, Halson, Shona, Kemp, Justin Guy, Chalkley, Daniel Thomas, Cole, Michael Hugh, Johnston, Richard and Cormack, Stuart John. (2024). Validity and reliability of thoracic-mounted inertial measurement units to derive gait characteristics during running. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 38(2), pp. 274-282. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004612
Global practitioner assessment and management of mental fatigue and mental recovery in high-performance sport : A need for evidence-based best-practice guidelines
Russell, S., Johnston, R. D., Stanimirovic, R. and Halson, S. L.. (2023). Global practitioner assessment and management of mental fatigue and mental recovery in high-performance sport : A need for evidence-based best-practice guidelines. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14491
The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep : A systematic review and meta-analysis
Gardiner, Carissa, Weakley, Jonathon, Burke, Louise M., Roach, Gregory D., Sargent, Charli, Maniar, Nirav, Townshend, Andrew and Halson, Shona L.. (2023). The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 69, p. Article 101764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101764
Development and validity of the subjective training quality scale
Shell, Stephanie J., Slattery, Katie, Clark, Brad, Broatch, James R., Halson, Shona L. and Coutts, Aaron J.. (2023). Development and validity of the subjective training quality scale. European Journal of Sport Science. 23(7), pp. 1102-1109. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2022.2111276
Thinking about elite performance : The experience and impact of mental fatigue in elite sport coaching
Russell, Suzanna, Halson, Shona L., Jenkins, David G., Rynne, Steven B., Roelands, Bart and Kelly, Vincent G.. (2023). Thinking about elite performance : The experience and impact of mental fatigue in elite sport coaching. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 18(8), pp. 878-884. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2023-0033
Effects of cold-water immersion compared with other recovery modalities on athletic performance following acute strenuous exercise in physically active participants : A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Moore, Emma, Fuller, Joel T., Bellenger, Clint R., Saunders, Siena, Halson, Shona L., Broatch, James R. and Buckley, Jonathan D.. (2023). Effects of cold-water immersion compared with other recovery modalities on athletic performance following acute strenuous exercise in physically active participants : A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Sports Medicine. 53(3), pp. 687-705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01800-1
No effect of repeated post-resistance exercise cold or hot water immersion on in-season body composition and performance responses in academy rugby players : A randomised controlled cross-over design
Horgan, Barry G., Halson, Shona L., Drinkwater, Eric J., West, Nicholas P., Tee, Nicolin, Alcock, Rebekah D., Chapman, Dale W. and Haff, G. Gregory. (2023). No effect of repeated post-resistance exercise cold or hot water immersion on in-season body composition and performance responses in academy rugby players : A randomised controlled cross-over design. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 123(2), pp. 351-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-05075-2
Consecutive days of racing does not affect sleep in professional road cyclists
Sargent, Charli, Halson, Shona L., Martin, David T. and Roach, Gregory D.. (2022). Consecutive days of racing does not affect sleep in professional road cyclists. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 17(3), pp. 495-498. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0102
Does caffeine consumption influence postcompetition sleep in professional rugby league athletes? A case study
Caia, Johnpaul, Halson, Shona L., Holmberg, Patrick M. and Kelly, Vincent G.. (2022). Does caffeine consumption influence postcompetition sleep in professional rugby league athletes? A case study. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 17(1), pp. 126-129. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0841
Putting the squeeze on compression garments : Current evidence and recommendations for future research : A systematic scoping review
Weakley, Jonathon, Broatch, James, O’Riordan, Shane, Morrison, Matthew, Maniar, Nirav and Halson, Shona L.. (2022). Putting the squeeze on compression garments : Current evidence and recommendations for future research : A systematic scoping review. Sports Medicine. 52(5), pp. 1141-1160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01604-9
Stressed and not sleeping : Poor sleep and psychological stress in elite athletes prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games
Halson, Shona L., Appaneal, Renee N., Welvaert, Marijke, Maniar, Nirav and Drew, Michael K.. (2022). Stressed and not sleeping : Poor sleep and psychological stress in elite athletes prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 17(2), pp. 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0117
Mental fatigue over 2 elite netball seasons : A case for mental fatigue to be included in athlete self-report measures
Russell, Suzanna, Jenkins, David G., Halson, Shona L., Juliff, Laura E., Connick, Mark J. and Kelly, Vincent G.. (2022). Mental fatigue over 2 elite netball seasons : A case for mental fatigue to be included in athlete self-report measures. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 17(2), pp. 160-169. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0028
A systematic review on fitness testing in adult male basketball players : Tests adopted, characteristics reported and recommendations for practice
Morrison, Matthew, Martin, David T., Talpey, Scott, Scanlan, Aaron T., Delaney, Jace, Halson, Shona L. and Weakley, Jonathon. (2022). A systematic review on fitness testing in adult male basketball players : Tests adopted, characteristics reported and recommendations for practice. Sports Medicine. 52(7), pp. 1491-1532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01626-3
COVID-19 lockdown : A global study investigating the effect of athletes’ sport classification and sex on training practices
Washif, Jad Adrian, Sandbakk, Øyvind, Seiler, Stephen, Haugen, Thomas, Farooq, Abdulaziz, Quarrie, Ken, Janse van Rensburg, Dina C., Krug, Isabel, Verhagen, Evert, Wong, Del P., Mujika, Iñigo, Cortis, Cristina, Haddad, Monoem, Ahmadian, Omid, Al Jufaili, Mahmood, Al-Horani, Ramzi A., Al-Mohannadi, Abdulla Saeed, Aloui, Asma, Ammar, Achraf, ... Chamari, Karim. (2022). COVID-19 lockdown : A global study investigating the effect of athletes’ sport classification and sex on training practices. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 17(8), pp. 1242-1256. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0543
Compression socks reduce running-induced intestinal damage
Zadow, Emma K., Edwards, Kate H., Kitic, Cecilia M., Fell, James W., Adams, Murray J., Singh, Indu, Kundur, Avinash, Johnston, Amy N. B., Crilly, Julia, Bulmer, Andrew C., Halson, Shona L. and Wu, Sam S. X.. (2022). Compression socks reduce running-induced intestinal damage. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 36(9), pp. 2461-2464. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003870
Compression-induced improvements in post-exercise recovery are associated with enhanced blood flow, and are not due to the placebo effect
O’Riordan, Shane F., Bishop, David J., Halson, Shona L. and Broatch, James R.. (2022). Compression-induced improvements in post-exercise recovery are associated with enhanced blood flow, and are not due to the placebo effect. Scientific Reports. 12(1), p. Article 16762. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21029-2
Evaluating the typical day-to-day variability of WHOOP-derived heart rate variability in Olympic water polo athletes
Bellenger, Clint R., Miller, Dean J., Halson, Shona L., Roach, Gregory D., Maclennan, Michael and Sargent, Charli. (2022). Evaluating the typical day-to-day variability of WHOOP-derived heart rate variability in Olympic water polo athletes. Sensors. 22(18), p. Article 6723. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186723
Sleep regularity and predictors of sleep efficiency and sleep duration in elite team sport athletes
Halson, Shona L., Johnston, Rich D., Piromalli, Laura, Lalor, Benita J., Cormack, Stuart, Roach, Gregory D. and Sargent, Charli. (2022). Sleep regularity and predictors of sleep efficiency and sleep duration in elite team sport athletes. Sports Medicine - Open. 8(1), p. Article 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00470-7
Overtraining syndrome symptoms and diagnosis in athletes : Where is the research? A systematic review
Weakley, Jonathon, Halson, Shona and Mujika, Inigo. (2022). Overtraining syndrome symptoms and diagnosis in athletes : Where is the research? A systematic review. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 17(5), pp. 675-681. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0448
Mental fatigue increases across a 16-week pre-season in elitefemale athletes
Russell, Suzanna, Jenkins, David G., Halson, Shona L. and Kelly, Vincent G.. (2022). Mental fatigue increases across a 16-week pre-season in elitefemale athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 25(4), pp. 356-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2021.12.002
Training during the COVID-19 lockdown : Knowledge, beliefs, and practices of 12,526 athletes from 142 countries and six continents
Washif, Jad Adrian, Farooq, Abdulaziz, Krug, Isabel, Pyne, David B., Verhagen, Evert, Taylor, Lee, Wong, Del P., Mujika, Iñigo, Cortis, Cristina, Haddad, Monoem, Ahmadian, Omid, Al Jufaili, Mahmood, Al-Horani, Ramzi A., Al-Mohannadi, Abdulla Saeed, Aloui, Asma, Ammar, Achraf, Arifi, Fitim, Aziz, Abdul Rashid, Batuev, Mikhail, ... Chamari, Karim. (2022). Training during the COVID-19 lockdown : Knowledge, beliefs, and practices of 12,526 athletes from 142 countries and six continents. Sports Medicine. 52(4), pp. 933-948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01573-z
Acute inflammatory, anthropometric, and perceptual (muscle soreness) effects of postresistance exercise water immersion in junior international and subelite male volleyball athletes
Horgan, Barry G., West, Nicholas P., Tee, Nicolin, Drinkwater, Eric J., Halson, Shona L., Vider, Jelena, Fonda, Christopher J., Haff, G. Gregory and Chapman, Dale W.. (2022). Acute inflammatory, anthropometric, and perceptual (muscle soreness) effects of postresistance exercise water immersion in junior international and subelite male volleyball athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 36(12), pp. 3473-3484. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004122
Sleep, circadian biology and skeletal muscle interactions : Implications for metabolic health
Morrison, Matthew, Halson, Shona L., Weakley, Jonathon and Hawley, John A.. (2022). Sleep, circadian biology and skeletal muscle interactions : Implications for metabolic health. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 66, p. Article 101700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101700
Sleep quality in elite athletes : Normative values, reliability and understanding contributors to poor sleep
Halson, Shona L., Johnston, Rich D., Appaneal, Renee N., Rogers, Margot A., Toohey, Liam A., Drew, Michael K., Sargent, Charli and Roach, Gregory D.. (2022). Sleep quality in elite athletes : Normative values, reliability and understanding contributors to poor sleep. Sports Medicine. 52(2), pp. 417-426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01555-1
How do elite female team sport athletes experience mental fatigue? Comparison between international competition, training and preparation camps
Russell, Suzanna, Jenkins, David G., Halson, Shona L., Juliff, Laura E. and Kelly, Vincent G.. (2022). How do elite female team sport athletes experience mental fatigue? Comparison between international competition, training and preparation camps. European Journal of Sport Science. 22(6), pp. 877-887. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1897165
Managing Travel Fatigue and Jet Lag in Athletes : A Review and Consensus Statement
Janse Van Rensburg, Dina, Jansen Van Rensburg, Audrey, Fowler, Peter, Bender, Amy, Stevens, David, Sullivan, Kieran, Fullagar, Hugh, Alonso, Juan-Manuel, Biggins, Michelle, Claassen-Smithers, Amanda, Collins, Rob, Dohi, Michiko, Driller, Matthew, Dunican, Ian, Gupta, Luke, Halson, Shona, Lastella, Michelle, Miles, Kathleen, Nédélec, Mathieu, ... Botha, Tanita. (2021). Managing Travel Fatigue and Jet Lag in Athletes : A Review and Consensus Statement. Sports Medicine. 51(10), pp. 2029-2050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01502-0
How much sleep does an elite athlete need?
Sargent, Charli, Lastella, Michelle, Halson, Shona L. and Roach, Gregory D.. (2021). How much sleep does an elite athlete need? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 16(12), pp. 1746-1757. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0896
Is a head-worn inertial sensor a valid tool to monitor swimming?
Shell, Stephanie J., Clark, Brad, Broatch, James R., Slattery, Katie, Halson, Shona L. and Coutts, Aaron J.. (2021). Is a head-worn inertial sensor a valid tool to monitor swimming? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 16(12), pp. 1901-1904. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0887
Sleep and the athlete : Narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations
Walsh, Neil P., Halson, Shona L., Sargent, Charli, Roach, Gregory D., Nédélec, Mathieu, Gupta, Luke, Leeder, Jonathan, Fullagar, Hugh H., Coutts, Aaron J., Edwards, Ben J., Pullinger, Samuel A., Robertson, Colin M., Burniston, Jatin G., Lastella, Michelle, Le Meur, Yann, Hausswirth, Christophe, Bender, Amy M., Grandner, Michael A. and Samuels, Charles H.. (2021). Sleep and the athlete : Narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 55(7), pp. 356-368. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102025
A validation study of a commercial wearable device to automatically detect and estimate sleep
Miller, Dean J., Roach, Gregory D., Lastella, Michelle, Scanlan, Aaron T., Bellenger, Clint R., Halson, Shona L. and Sargent, Charli. (2021). A validation study of a commercial wearable device to automatically detect and estimate sleep. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 11(6), p. Article 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11060185
Influence of electronic devices on sleep and cognitive performance during athlete training camps
Jones, Maddison J., Dawson, Brian, Eastwood, Peter R., Halson, Shona L., Miller, Joanna, Murray, Kevin, Dunican, Ian C., Landers, Grant J. and Peeling, Peter. (2021). Influence of electronic devices on sleep and cognitive performance during athlete training camps. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 35(6), pp. 1620-1627. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002991
Business class travel preserves sleep quality and quantity and minimizes jet lag during the ICC Women’s T20 World Cup
Lalor, Benita J., Tran, Jacqueline, Halson, Shona L., Kemp, Justin G. and Cormack, Stuart J.. (2021). Business class travel preserves sleep quality and quantity and minimizes jet lag during the ICC Women’s T20 World Cup. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 16(10), pp. 1490-1501. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2020-0689
Wrist-based photoplethysmography assessment of heart rate and heart rate variability : Validation of WHOOP
Bellenger, Clint R., Miller, Dean, Halson, Shona L., Roach, Greg and Sargent, Charli. (2021). Wrist-based photoplethysmography assessment of heart rate and heart rate variability : Validation of WHOOP. Sensors. 21(10), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103571
To nap or not to nap? A systematic review evaluating napping behavior in athletes and the impact on various measures of athletic performance
Lastella, Michelle, Halson, Shona L., Vitale, Jacopo A., Memon, Aamir R. and Vincent, Grace E.. (2021). To nap or not to nap? A systematic review evaluating napping behavior in athletes and the impact on various measures of athletic performance. Nature and Science of Sleep. 13, pp. 841-862. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S315556
Sleep hygiene and light exposure can improve performance following long-haul air travel
Fowler, Peter M., Knez, Wade, Thornton, Heidi R., Sargent, Charli, Mendham, Amy E., Crowcroft, Stephen, Miller, Joanna, Halson, Shona and Duffield, Rob. (2021). Sleep hygiene and light exposure can improve performance following long-haul air travel. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 16(4), pp. 517-526. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2019-0931
Pressure gradient differences between medical grade and sports compression socks
Brophy-Williams, Ned, Fell, James W., Halson, Shona L., Kitic, Cecilia M. and Driller, Matthew W.. (2021). Pressure gradient differences between medical grade and sports compression socks. Journal of the Textile Institute. 112(2), pp. 187-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2020.1730664
Impaired recovery is associated with increased injury and illness : A retrospective study of 536 female netball athletes
Horgan, Barry G., Drew, Michael K., Halson, Shona L., Piromalli, Laura E., Drinkwater, Eric J., Chapman, Dale W. and Haff, G. Gregory. (2021). Impaired recovery is associated with increased injury and illness : A retrospective study of 536 female netball athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 31(3), pp. 691-701. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13866
Does site matter? Impact of inertial measurement unit placement on the validity and reliability of stride variables during running : A systematic review and meta-analysis
Horsley, Benjamin J., Tofari, Paul J., Halson, Shona L., Kemp, Justin G., Dickson, Jessica, Maniar, Nirav and Cormack, Stuart J.. (2021). Does site matter? Impact of inertial measurement unit placement on the validity and reliability of stride variables during running : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine. 51(7), pp. 1449-1489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01443-8
Cognitive Load in Sport
Russell, Suzanna, Kelly, Vincent, Halson, Shona and Jenkins, David. (2020). Cognitive Load in Sport. In Human Factors and Ergonomics in Sport pp. 181-200 CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351060073-14
A validation study of the WHOOP strap against polysomnography to assess sleep
Miller, Dean J., Lastella, Michele, Scanlan, Aaron T., Bellenger, Clint, Halson, Shona L., Roach, Gregory D. and Sargent, Charli. (2020). A validation study of the WHOOP strap against polysomnography to assess sleep. Journal of Sports Sciences. 38(22), pp. 2631-2636. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1797448
A complex relationship : Sleep, external training load, and well-being in elite Australian footballers
Lalor, Benita J., Halson, Shona L., Tran, Jacqueline, Kemp, Justin G. and Cormack, Stuart J.. (2020). A complex relationship : Sleep, external training load, and well-being in elite Australian footballers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 15(6), pp. 777-787. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0061
The impact of training load on sleep during a 14-Day training camp in elite, adolescent, female basketball players
Michele, Lastella, Gregory, D. Roach, Grace, E. Vincent, Aaron, T. Scanlan, Shona, L. Halson and Charli, Sargent. (2020). The impact of training load on sleep during a 14-Day training camp in elite, adolescent, female basketball players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 15(5), pp. 724-730. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0157
Perceptions and use of recovery strategies : Do swimmers and coaches believe they are effective?
Shell, Stephanie J., Slattery, Katie, Clark, Brad, Broatch, James R., Halson, Shona, Kellmann, Michael and Coutts, Aaron J.. (2020). Perceptions and use of recovery strategies : Do swimmers and coaches believe they are effective? Journal of Sports Sciences. 38(18), pp. 2092-2099. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1770925
Optimisation and validation of a nutritional intervention to enhance sleep quality and quantity
Halson, Shona L., Shaw, Gregory, Versey, Nathan, Miller, Dean J., Sargent, Charli, Roach, Gregory D., Nyman, Lara, Carter, James M. and Baar, Keith. (2020). Optimisation and validation of a nutritional intervention to enhance sleep quality and quantity. Nutrients. 12(9), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092579
Obstructive sleep apnea in professional rugby league athletes : An exploratory study
Caia, Johnpaul, Halson, Shona L., Scott, Andrew and Kelly, Vincent G.. (2020). Obstructive sleep apnea in professional rugby league athletes : An exploratory study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 23(11), pp. 1011-1015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.014
Compression garments reduce muscle movement and activation during submaximal running
Broatch, James R., Brophy-Williams, N. E. D., Phillips, Elissa J., O’Bryan, Steven J., Halson, Shona L., Barnes, Shannon and Bishop, David J.. (2020). Compression garments reduce muscle movement and activation during submaximal running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 52(3), pp. 685-695. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002182
Resistance training upregulates skeletal muscle Na+, K+-ATPase content, with elevations in both α1 and α2, but not β isoforms
Altarawneh, Muath M., Petersen, Aaron C., Farr, Trevor, Garnham, Andrew, Broatch, James R., Halson, Shona, Bishop, David J. and McKenna, Michael J.. (2020). Resistance training upregulates skeletal muscle Na+, K+-ATPase content, with elevations in both α1 and α2, but not β isoforms. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 120(8), pp. 1777-1785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04408-3
How to manage travel fatigue and jet lag in athletes? A systematic review of interventions
Janse van Rensburg, Dina C., Jansen van Rensburg, Audrey, Fowler, Peter, Fullagar, Hugh, Stevens, David, Halson, Shona, Bender, Amy, Vincent, Grace, Claassen-Smithers, Amanda, Dunican, Ian, Roach, Gregory Daniel, Sargent, Charli, Lastella, Michele and Cronje, Tanita. (2020). How to manage travel fatigue and jet lag in athletes? A systematic review of interventions. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 54(16), pp. 960-968. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101635
Changes in subjective mental and physical fatigue during netball games in elite development athletes
Russell, Suzanna, Jenkins, David, Halson, Shona and Kelly, Vincent. (2020). Changes in subjective mental and physical fatigue during netball games in elite development athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 23(6), pp. 615-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.12.017
The Challenge of Maintaining Metabolic Health During a Global Pandemic
Andy J. King, Louise M. Burke, Shona L. Halson and John A. Hawley. (2020). The Challenge of Maintaining Metabolic Health During a Global Pandemic. Sports Medicine. 50(7), pp. 1233-1241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01295-8
Key viral immune genes and pathways identify elite athletes with URS
Colbey, Candice, Drew, Michael K., Cox, Amanda J., Vider, Jelena, Pyne, David B., Vlahovich, Nicole, Hughes, David, Waddington, Gordon, Appaneal, Renee, Burke, Louise M., Lundy, Bronwen, Toomey, Mary, Watts, David, Lovell, Gregory, Praet, Stephan, Halson, Shona L., Welvaert, Marijke, Zhang, Ping, Cripps, Allan W. and West, Nicholas P. (2020). Key viral immune genes and pathways identify elite athletes with URS. Exercise Immunology Review. 26, pp. 56-78.
The application of mental fatigue research to elite team sport performance : New perspectives
Russell, Suzanna, Jenkins, David, Smith, Mitchell, Halson, Shona and Kelly, Vincent. (2019). The application of mental fatigue research to elite team sport performance : New perspectives. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 22(6), pp. 723-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.008
Sleep monitoring in athletes : Motivation, methods, miscalculations and why it matters
Halson, Shona. (2019). Sleep monitoring in athletes : Motivation, methods, miscalculations and why it matters. Sports Medicine. 49(10), pp. 1487-1497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01119-4
What is mental fatigue in elite sport? Perceptions from athletes and staff
Russell, Suzanna, Jenkins, David, Rynne, Steven, Halson, Shona L. and Kelly, Vincent. (2019). What is mental fatigue in elite sport? Perceptions from athletes and staff. European Journal of Sport Science. 19(10), pp. 1367-1376. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1618397
Sleep patterns and alertness in an elite super rugby team during a game week
Dunican, Ian C., Higgin, Charles C., Murray, Kevin, Jones, Maddison J., Dawson, Brian, Caldwell, John A., Halson, Shona L. and Eastwood, Peter R.. (2019). Sleep patterns and alertness in an elite super rugby team during a game week. Journal of Human Kinetics. 67(1), pp. 111-121. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0088
Sleep and salivary testosterone and cortisol during a short preseason camp : A study in professional rugby union
Serpell, Benjamin G., Horgan, Barry G., Colomer, Carmen M. E., Field, Byron, Halson, Shona L. and Cook, Christian J.. (2019). Sleep and salivary testosterone and cortisol during a short preseason camp : A study in professional rugby union. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 14(6), pp. 796-804. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0600
Effects of various recovery strategies on repeated bouts of simulated intermittent activity
Crowther, Fiona A., Sealey, Rebecca M., Crowe, Melissa J., Edwards, Andrew M. and Halson, Shona L.. (2019). Effects of various recovery strategies on repeated bouts of simulated intermittent activity. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 33(7), pp. 1781-1794. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002396
Cold water immersion attenuates anabolic signaling and skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy, but not strength gain, following whole-body resistance training
Fyfe, Jackson J., Broatch, James R., Trewin, Adam J., Hanson, Erik D., Argus, Christos K., Garnham, Andrew P., Halson, Shona L., Polman, Remco C., Bishop, David J. and Petersen, Aaron C.. (2019). Cold water immersion attenuates anabolic signaling and skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy, but not strength gain, following whole-body resistance training. Journal of Applied Physiology. 127(5), pp. 1403-1418. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00127.2019
Nutrition for travel : From jet lag to catering
Halson, Shona L., Burke, Louise M. and Pearce, Jeni. (2019). Nutrition for travel : From jet lag to catering. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 29(2), pp. 228-235. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0278
The effects of cold water immersion on the amount and quality of sleep obtained by elite cyclists during a simulated hill climbing tour
Lastella, Michelle, Roach, G. D., Halson, Shona and Sargent, C.. (2019). The effects of cold water immersion on the amount and quality of sleep obtained by elite cyclists during a simulated hill climbing tour. Sport Sciences for Health. 15(1), pp. 223 - 228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-018-0522-6
Monitoring athletes during training camps : Observations and translatable strategies from elite road cyclists and swimmers
Saw, Anna E., Halson, Shona L. and Mujika, Iñigo. (2018). Monitoring athletes during training camps : Observations and translatable strategies from elite road cyclists and swimmers. Sports. 6(3), p. Article 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030063
Longer sleep durations are positively associated with finishing place during a national multiday netball competition
Laura E. Juliff, Shona Halson, Jeffrey J. Hebert, Peta L. Forsyth and Jeremiah John Peiffer. (2018). Longer sleep durations are positively associated with finishing place during a national multiday netball competition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 32(1), pp. 189-194. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001793
Can sleep be used as an indicator of overreaching and overtraining in athletes?
Michelle Lastella, Grace E. Vincent, Rob Duffield, Gregory D. Roach, Shona Halson, Luke J. Heales and Charli Sargent. (2018). Can sleep be used as an indicator of overreaching and overtraining in athletes? Frontiers in Physiology. 9, pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00436
Recovery and performance in sport: Consensus statement
Michael Kellmann, Maurizio Bertollo, Laurent Bosquet, Michel Brink, Aaron Coutts, Rob Duffield, Daniel Erlacher, Shona Halson, Anne Hecksteden, Jahan Heidari, Wolfgang Kallus, R Meeusen, I Mujika, Claudio Robazza, Sabrina Skorski, Ranel Venter and Jürgen Beckmann. (2018). Recovery and performance in sport: Consensus statement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 13(2), pp. 240-245. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0759
Development of the athlete sleep behavior questionnaire: A tool for identifying maladaptive sleep practices in elite athletes
Matthew W Driller, Cheri D Mah and Shona Halson. (2018). Development of the athlete sleep behavior questionnaire: A tool for identifying maladaptive sleep practices in elite athletes. Sleep Science. 11(1), pp. 37-44.
The effects of intensified training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and performance in trained cyclists
Woods, Amy L., Rice, Anthony J., Garvican-Lewis, Laura A., Wallett, Alice M., Lundy, Bronwen, Rogers, Margot A., Welvaert, Marijke, Halson, Shona, McKune, Andrew and Thompson, Kevin G.. (2018). The effects of intensified training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and performance in trained cyclists. PLoS ONE. 13(2), pp. 1 - 24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191644
An integrated, multifactorial approach to periodization for optimal performance in individual and team sports
Mujika, Iñigo, Halson, Shona, Burke, Louise M., Balagué, Gloria and Farrow, Damian. (2018). An integrated, multifactorial approach to periodization for optimal performance in individual and team sports. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 13(5), pp. 538 - 561. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0093
Evening electronic device use: The effects on alertness, sleep and next-day physical performance in athletes
Jones, Maddison J., Peeling, Peter, Dawson, Brian, Halson, Shona, Miller, Joanna, Dunican, Ian C., Clarke, Michael W., Goodman, Craig and Eastwood, Peter R.. (2018). Evening electronic device use: The effects on alertness, sleep and next-day physical performance in athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences. 36(2), pp. 162 - 170. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1287936
The psychomotor vigilance test: A comparison of different test durations in elite athletes
Jones, Maddison J., Dunican, Ian C., Murray, Kevin, Peeling, Peter, Dawson, Brian, Halson, Shona, Miller, Joanna and Eastwood, Peter R.. (2018). The psychomotor vigilance test: A comparison of different test durations in elite athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences. 36(18), pp. 2033 - 2037. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1433443
Lower limb sports compression garments improve muscle blood flow and exercise performance during repeated-sprint cycling
Broatch, James R., Bishop, David J. and Halson, Shona. (2018). Lower limb sports compression garments improve muscle blood flow and exercise performance during repeated-sprint cycling. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 13(7), pp. 882 - 890. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0638
Sleep, sport, and the brain
Halson, Shona L. and Juliff, Laura E.. (2017). Sleep, sport, and the brain. Progress in Brain Research. 234, pp. 13-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.06.006
Cold-water immersion for athletic recovery: One size does not fit all
Jessica M. Stephens, Shona Halson, Joanna Miller, Gary Slater and Christopher D. Askew. (2017). Cold-water immersion for athletic recovery: One size does not fit all. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 12(1), pp. 2-9. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0095
A multifactorial evaluation of illness risk factors in athletes preparing for the Summer Olympic Games
Drew, Michael K., Vlahovich, Nicole, Hughes, David, Appaneal, Renee, Peterson, Kirsten, Burke, Louise, Lundy, Bronwen, Toomey, Mary, Watts, David, Lovell, Gregory, Praet, Stephan, Halson, Shona, Colbey, Candice, Manzanero, Silvia, Welvaert, Marijke, West, Nic P., Pyne, David B. and Waddington, Gordon. (2017). A multifactorial evaluation of illness risk factors in athletes preparing for the Summer Olympic Games. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 20(8), pp. 745 - 750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.02.010
Greater effect of east versus west travel on jet lag, sleep, and team sport performance
Fowler, Peter M., Knez, Wade, Crowcroft, Stephen, Mendham, Amy E., Miller, Joanna, Sargent, Charli, Halson, Shona and Duffield, Rob. (2017). Greater effect of east versus west travel on jet lag, sleep, and team sport performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 49(12), pp. 2548 - 2561. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001374
Team sport athletes' perceptions and use of recovery strategies: A mixed-methods survey study
Crowther, Fiona, Sealey, Rebecca, Crowe, Melissa, Edwards, Andrew and Halson, Shona. (2017). Team sport athletes' perceptions and use of recovery strategies: A mixed-methods survey study. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 9(1), pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-017-0071-3
Cold-water immersion and contrast water therapy: No improvement of short-term recovery after resistance training
Argus, Christos K., Broatch, James R., Petersen, Aaron C., Polman, Remco, Bishop, David J. and Halson, Shona. (2017). Cold-water immersion and contrast water therapy: No improvement of short-term recovery after resistance training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 12(7), pp. 886 - 892. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0127
Prevalence of illness, poor mental health and sleep quality and low energy availability prior to the 2016 Summer Olympic Games
Drew, Michael, Vlahovich, Nicole, Hughes, David, Appaneal, Renee, Burke, Louise, Lundy, Bronwen, Rogers, Margot, Toomey, Mary, Watts, David, Lovell, Gregory, Praet, Stephan F. E., Halson, Shona, Colbey, Candice, Manzanero, Silvia, Welvaert, Marijke, West, NIcholas P., Pyne, David and Waddington, Gordon. (2017). Prevalence of illness, poor mental health and sleep quality and low energy availability prior to the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 52(1), pp. 1 - 8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098208
Protein ingestion before sleep increases overnight muscle protein synthesis rates in healthy older men: A randomized controlled trial
Kouw, Imre W.K., Holwerda, Andrew M., Trommelen, Jorn, Kramer, Irene Fleur, Bastiaanse, Jacqueline, Halson, Shona, Wodzig, Will K.W.H., Verdijk, Lex B. and Van Loon, Luc. (2017). Protein ingestion before sleep increases overnight muscle protein synthesis rates in healthy older men: A randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Nutrition. 147(12), pp. 2252 - 2261. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.117.254532
Software thresholds alter the bias of actigraphy for monitoring sleep in team-sport athletes
Fuller, Kate L., Juliff, Laura E., Gore, Christopher J., Peiffer, Jeremiah John and Halson, Shona. (2017). Software thresholds alter the bias of actigraphy for monitoring sleep in team-sport athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 20(8), pp. 756 - 760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.11.021
Influence of recovery strategies upon performance and perceptions following fatiguing exercise: A randomized controlled trial
Crowther, Fiona, Sealey, Rebecca, Crowe, Melissa, Edwards, Andrew and Halson, Shona. (2017). Influence of recovery strategies upon performance and perceptions following fatiguing exercise: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 9(1), pp. 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-017-0087-8
The chronotype of elite athletes
Lastella, Michelle, Roach, G. D., Halson, Shona and Sargent, C.. (2016). The chronotype of elite athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics. 54(1), pp. 219 - 225. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2016-0049
Superior inhibitory control and resistance to mental fatigue in professional road cyclists
Martin, Kristy, Staiano, Walter, Menaspà, Paolo, Hennessey, Tom, Marcora, Samuele, Keegan, Richard J., Thompson, Kevin G., Martin, David, Halson, Shona and Rattray, Ben. (2016). Superior inhibitory control and resistance to mental fatigue in professional road cyclists. PLoS ONE. 11(7), pp. 1 - 15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159907
Importance of standardized DXA protocol for assessing physique changes in athletes
Nana, Alisa, Slater, Gary J., Hopkins, Will, Halson, Shona, Martin, D. T., West, N. P. and Burke, Louise Mary. (2016). Importance of standardized DXA protocol for assessing physique changes in athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 26(3), pp. 259 - 267. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0111
Nutrition and recovery
Halson, Shona and Burke, Louise Mary. (2015). Nutrition and recovery. In Tennis science : How player and racket work together pp. 116-135 University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226139623.001.0001
The impact of a simulated grand tour on sleep, mood, and well-being of competitive cyclists
Michelle Lastella, Gregory D Roach, Shona Halson, David Martin, Nicholas P West and Charli Sargent. (2015). The impact of a simulated grand tour on sleep, mood, and well-being of competitive cyclists. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 55(12), pp. 1555-1564.
Understanding sleep disturbance in athletes prior to important competitions
Juliff, Laura E., Halson, Shona and Peiffer, Jeremiah John. (2015). Understanding sleep disturbance in athletes prior to important competitions. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 18(1), pp. 13 - 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.02.007
Sleep/wake behaviour of endurance cyclists before and during competition
Lastella, Michelle, Roach, Gregory D., Halson, Shona, Martin, David T., West, Nicholas P. and Sargent, Charli. (2015). Sleep/wake behaviour of endurance cyclists before and during competition. Journal of Sports Sciences. 33(3), pp. 293 - 299. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.942690
Confounding compression: The effects of posture, sizing and garment type on measured interface pressure in sports compression clothing
Brophy-Williams, Ned, Driller, Matthew W., Shing, C., Fell, James W. and Halson, Shona. (2015). Confounding compression: The effects of posture, sizing and garment type on measured interface pressure in sports compression clothing. Journal of Sports Sciences. 33(13), pp. 1403 - 1410. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.990489
Sleep hygiene and recovery strategies in elite soccer players
Nédélec, Mathieu, Halson, Shona, Delecroix, Barthélémy, Abaidia, Abd-Elbasset, Ahmaidi, S. and Dupont, Gregory. (2015). Sleep hygiene and recovery strategies in elite soccer players. Sports Medicine. 45(11), pp. 1547 - 1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0377-9
Stress, sleep and recovery in elite soccer: A critical review of the literature
Nédélec, Mathieu, Halson, Shona, Abaidia, Abd-Elbasset, Ahmaidi, S. and Dupont, Gregory. (2015). Stress, sleep and recovery in elite soccer: A critical review of the literature. Sports Medicine. 45(10), pp. 1387 - 1400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0358-z
Sleep/wake behaviours of elite athletes from individual and team sports
Lastella, Michelle, Roach, Gregory D., Halson, Shona and Sargent, Charli. (2015). Sleep/wake behaviours of elite athletes from individual and team sports. European Journal of Sport Science. 15(2), pp. 94 - 100. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2014.932016
Influence of contrast shower and water immersion on recovery in elite netballers
Juliff, Laura E., Halson, Shona, Bonetti, Darrell L., Versey, Nathan, Driller, Matthew W. and Peiffer, Jeremiah John. (2014). Influence of contrast shower and water immersion on recovery in elite netballers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 28(8), pp. 2353 - 2358. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000417
Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes
Halson, Shona. (2014). Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes. Sports Medicine. 44(Suppl 2), pp. 139 - 147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0253-z
Does hydrotherapy help or hinder adaptation to training in competitive cyclists?
Halson, Shona, Bartram, Jason C., West, Nicholas P., Stephens, Jessica M., Argus, Christos K., Driller, Matthew W., Sargent, Charli, Lastella, Michelle, Hopkins, Will G. and Martin, David T.. (2014). Does hydrotherapy help or hinder adaptation to training in competitive cyclists? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 46(8), pp. 1631 - 1639. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000268
Sleep or swim? Early-morning training severely restricts the amount of sleep obtained by elite swimmers
Sargent, Charli, Halson, Shona and Roach, Gregory D.. (2014). Sleep or swim? Early-morning training severely restricts the amount of sleep obtained by elite swimmers. European Journal of Sport Science. 14(Supplement 1), pp. 310 - 315. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.696711
Sleep in elite athletes and nutritional interventions to enhance sleep
Halson, Shona. (2014). Sleep in elite athletes and nutritional interventions to enhance sleep. Sports Medicine. 44(Supplement 1), pp. 13 - 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0147-0
Sleep quantity and quality in elite youth soccer players: A pilot study
Robey, Elisa, Dawson, Brian, Halson, Shona, Gregson, Warren, Goodman, Carmel and Eastwood, Peter R.. (2014). Sleep quantity and quality in elite youth soccer players: A pilot study. European Journal of Sport Science. 14(5), pp. 410 - 417. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2013.843024
Evaluating the Kikuhime pressure monitor for use with sports compression clothing
Brophy-Williams, Ned, Driller, Matthew, Halson, Shona, Fell, James W. and Shing, C.. (2014). Evaluating the Kikuhime pressure monitor for use with sports compression clothing. Sports Engineering. 17(1), pp. 55 - 60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12283-013-0125-z
Nitrate supplementation and high-intensity performance in competitive cyclists
Hoon, Matthew, Hopkins, William, Jones, Andrew, Martin, David, Halson, Shona, West, Nicholas, Johnson, Nathan and Burke, Louise. (2014). Nitrate supplementation and high-intensity performance in competitive cyclists. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. 39(9), pp. 1043 - 1049. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0574
Reliability of a 2-bout exercise test on a wattbike cycle ergometer
Driller, Matthew W., Argus, Christos K., Bartram, Jason C., Bonaventura, Jacinta, Martin, David T., West, Nicholas P. and Halson, Shona. (2014). Reliability of a 2-bout exercise test on a wattbike cycle ergometer. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 9(2), pp. 340 - 345. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2013-0103
Daily training with high carbohydrate availability increases exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during endurance cycling
Cox, Geoffrey, Clark, Sally, Cox, A, Halson, Shona, Hargreaves, M, Hawley, John, Jeacocke, N, Snow, Rod, Yeo, W and Burke, Louise. (2010). Daily training with high carbohydrate availability increases exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during endurance cycling. Journal of Applied Physiology. 109(1), pp. 126 - 134. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00950.2009
Cytokine responses to carbohydrate ingestion during recovery from exercise-induced muscle injury
Ross, M, Halson, Shona, Suzuki, K, Garnham, A, Hawley, John, Cameron-Smith, David and Peake, J. (2010). Cytokine responses to carbohydrate ingestion during recovery from exercise-induced muscle injury. Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research. 30(5), pp. 329 - 337. https://doi.org/10.1089/jir.2009.0079