Manipulation of muscle creatine and glycogen changes DXA estimates of body composition
Journal article
Bone, Julia L., Ross, Megan L., Tomcik, Kristyen A., Jeacocke, Nikki A., Hopkins, Will G. and Burke, Louise M.. (2017). Manipulation of muscle creatine and glycogen changes DXA estimates of body composition. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 49(5), pp. 1029-1035. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001174
Authors | Bone, Julia L., Ross, Megan L., Tomcik, Kristyen A., Jeacocke, Nikki A., Hopkins, Will G. and Burke, Louise M. |
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Abstract | Standardizing a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) protocol is thought to provide a reliable measurement of body composition. Purpose: We investigated the effects of manipulating muscle glycogen and creatine content independently and additively on DXA estimates of lean mass. Method: Eighteen well-trained male cyclists undertook a parallel group application of creatine loading (n = 9) (20 g·d−1 for 5 d loading; 3 g·d−1 maintenance) or placebo (n = 9) with crossover application of glycogen loading (12 v 6 g·kg−1 BM per day for 48 h) as part of a larger study involving a glycogen-depleting exercise protocol. Body composition, total body water, muscle glycogen and creatine content were assessed via DXA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and standard biopsy techniques. Changes in the mean were assessed using the following effect-size scale: > 0.2 small, > 0.6, moderate, > 1.2 large and compared with the threshold for the smallest worthwhile effect of the treatment. Results: Glycogen loading, both with and without creatine loading, resulted in substantial increases in estimates of lean body mass (mean ± SD; 3.0% ± 0.7% and 2.0% ± 0.9%) and leg lean mass (3.1% ± 1.8% and 2.6% ± 1.0%) respectively. A substantial decrease in leg lean mass was observed after the glycogen depleting condition (−1.4% ± 1.6%). Total body water showed substantial increases after glycogen loading (2.3% ± 2.3%), creatine loading (1.4% ± 1.9%) and the combined treatment (2.3% ± 1.1%). Conclusions: Changes in muscle metabolites and water content alter DXA estimates of lean mass during periods in which minimal change in muscle protein mass is likely. This information needs to be considered in interpreting the results of DXA-derived estimates of body composition in athletes. |
Keywords | intramuscular substrate; carbohydrate loading; body composition; body water |
Year | 2017 |
Journal | Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise |
Journal citation | 49 (5), pp. 1029-1035 |
Publisher | Lippincott Williams and Wilkins |
ISSN | 0195-9131 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001174 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-85000786024 |
Open access | Published as green open access |
Page range | 1029 - 1035 |
Research Group | Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research |
Author's accepted manuscript | License File Access Level Open |
Publisher's version | License All rights reserved File Access Level Controlled |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/87z1x/manipulation-of-muscle-creatine-and-glycogen-changes-dxa-estimates-of-body-composition
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AM_Bone_2016_Manipulation_of_muscle_creatine_and_glycogen.pdf | |
License: CC BY-NC | |
File access level: Open |
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