Acute ketogenic diet and ketone ester supplementation impairs race walk performance
Journal article
Whitfield, Jamie, Burke, Louise M., McKay, Alannah K. A., Heikura, Ida A., Hall, Rebecca, Fensham, Nikita and Sharma, Avish P.. (2021). Acute ketogenic diet and ketone ester supplementation impairs race walk performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 53(4), pp. 776-784. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002517
Authors | Whitfield, Jamie, Burke, Louise M., McKay, Alannah K. A., Heikura, Ida A., Hall, Rebecca, Fensham, Nikita and Sharma, Avish P. |
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Abstract | The consumption of a ketogenic low-carbohydrate (CHO), high-fat (LCHF) diet increases skeletal muscle fat utilization but impairs exercise economy. Whether the concomitant increase in circulating endogenous ketone bodies (KB) alters the capacity to metabolize exogenous ketone supplements such as the popular ketone monoester is unknown. Purpose: This study aimed to determine if LCHF and ketone ester (KE) supplementation can synergistically alter exercise metabolism and improve performance. Methods: Elite race walkers (n = 18, 15 males and 3 females; V˙O2peak, 62 ± 6 mL·min−1·kg−1) undertook a four-stage exercise economy test and real-life 10,000-m race before and after a 5-d isoenergetic high-CHO (HCHO, ~60%–65% fat; CHO, 20% fat; n = 9) or LCHF (75%–80% fat, <50 g·d−1 CHO, n = 9) diet. The LCHF group performed additional economy tests before and after diet after supplementation with 573 mg·kg−1 body mass KE (HVMN; HVMN Inc., San Francisco, CA), which was also consumed for race 2. Results: The oxygen cost of exercise (relative V˙O2, mL·min−1·kg−1) increased across all four stages after LCHF (P < 0.005). This occurred in association with increased fat oxidation rates, with a reciprocal decrease in CHO oxidation (P < 0.001). Substrate utilization in the HCHO group remained unaltered. The consumption of KE before the LCHF diet increased circulating KB (P < 0.05), peaking at 3.2 ± 0.6 mM, but did not alter V˙O2 or RER. LCHF diet elevated resting circulating KB (0.3 ± 0.1 vs 0.1 ± 0.1 mM), but concentrations after supplementation did not differ from the earlier ketone trial. Critically, race performance was impaired by ~6% (P < 0.0001) relative to baseline in the LCHF group but was unaltered in HCHO. Conclusion: Despite elevating endogenous KB production, an LCHF diet does not augment the metabolic responses to KE supplementation and negatively affects race performance. |
Keywords | β-hydroxybutyrate; ketosis; athletic performance; low-carbohydrate high-fat |
Year | 2021 |
Journal | Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise |
Journal citation | 53 (4), pp. 776-784 |
Publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
ISSN | 0195-9131 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002517 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-85102964302 |
Open access | Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access |
Research or scholarly | Research |
Page range | 776-784 |
Funder | Australian Catholic University (ACU) |
Publisher's version | License File Access Level Open |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 2021 |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | Sep 2020 |
Deposited | 28 Jun 2021 |
Grant ID | ACU/2017000034 |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8w460/acute-ketogenic-diet-and-ketone-ester-supplementation-impairs-race-walk-performance
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Publisher's version
OA_Whitfield_2021_Acute_ketogenic_diet_and_ketone_ester.pdf | |
License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | |
File access level: Open |
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